No. But you can usually order a new one and return when the repair is finished.

AFAIK, only if you sign up for their "Joint Venture" business program. In HK, it's HKD 3838 a year (about USD 500).

EDIT to add: my 2016 MBP is so bad that I'm seriously considering joining that program.

I've managed it in the past, but only after emailing Tim Cook. Someone picked it up and sorted it.

Was an older Unibody MacBook Pro with a factory SSD, used to randomly decide to delete all the data on it every couple of months. In the end they replaced the entire machine with a newer model.

No.