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Tokyo police lose 2 floppy disks containing info on public housing applicants (mainichi.jp)
232 points by ardel95 on Dec 30, 2021 | hide | past | favorite | 218 comments


In mid-late 90s, when floppy disks were not dead yet, I used to help my father to extract lots of files from their devices to floppy disks. They were using floppy disks only because an application that they were using to extract and convert data from their devices was designed to only copy files in chunks to floppy disks.

One day, out of curiosity, I opened every single file of the application that they were using to convert and extract data to see if I could make sense of anything. I accidentally found out that there was a config file that had a destination path for copying converted files. It was hard coded to drive A (floppy drive).

I changed the path, tested the application, and it worked. I shared the trick with my father and he shared it with his organization. He became the employee of the year for that discovery.

Floppy disks were expensive on the scale that they were using them, and they often had to deal with a lot of data loss accidents. Their IT team even had a data recovery team specialized to recover data from broken floppy disks because usually it meant they had to send a team back to redo the work. The storage on the devices they were using was very limited, so often during their week-long operations, they had to extract data before they could continue their work, only to realize later that some chunks were missing from the first part, and then they had to redo that part of operation again.


How did your father react when you told him the trick? And after becoming the employee of the year?


BusinessInsider, October 2021, "The Japanese government is still trying to phase out floppy disks a decade after Sony stopped making them"

https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-government-tokyo-flopp...


> The disks "almost never broke and lost data," Yoichi Ono, who is in charge of managing public funds for Meguro ward, told the Nikkei.

This was not my experience.


Mine either. Even putting aside media decay there is the mechanical failure (for 3.5"). For mechanical issues I was the go-to resource among friends and family, and when I worked at my Uni's help desk. I'd open them up and put the spring back together, or if need be take apart the drive to remove stuck disk, canabalize a blank disk-- toss out the media, keep the mechanical bits to slot in the old media.

Unfortunately stuck disks were often corrupted if mechanical failure occured during r/w. Sometimes I was still able to use recovery software to get data off, but plenty of times it was gone.


My understanding is that quality varied a lot, and that near the end (when USB thumbdrives were starting to take off) manufacturers started cutting a lot of corners, with the result that everyone remembers floppies as being more unreliable than they actually were, or at least could be.


Nor mine. I distinctly remember back to college circa 2000, copying a project from my computer in the dorms, walking to a project partner's dorm room adjacent to mine, and in that 15 second walk, having the data corrupted.

Thumb drives weren't common or cheap, yet, though I did have a Zip Drive, as did nearly all of the school's lab computers. I never had a corruption problem with Zip disks, but man, floppies? Seemed like if I walked near them, they'd get corrupted.


I had a lot of issues with corrupted ZIP disks back in those days. They were far more reliable than floppies but far less reliable than hard drives. It got so bad I gave up using them for long term backups and switched to tape for that, relegating ZIP to quick (for the time) transfers between computers and always checking file integrity after every move.

USB flash drives were a massive leap forward in sneakernet data shifting.


Zip drives and cartridges were infamously unreliable, like literally every product iomega ever made. The old Bernoulli cartridges would fail all the time, too.

They were so incompetent, they didn't make the slot in the case of Jazz drives big enough to accommodate for thermal expansion of the cartridge. On top of that, the eject transport had weak cheap plastic parts that would be destroyed if the cartridge couldn't move. Result: if you used your Jazz drive for copying a bunch of data and then tried to eject it without letting the cartridge cool down first, the drive would make a very expensive snap noise and not only did you have a broken drive, you had a stuck cartridge and no way to read the cartridge even inside the drive it was stuck in.

Iomega seemed to only be good at making a product just barely good enough that people couldn't successfully sue them.


Likely the floppy was ejected too soon and/or had a corrupted filesystem. Or one of you had a floppy drive that needed to be cleaned, or was slightly out of spec and couldn't be read by the other.


I guess I was lucky. Our pile of Castle Wolfenstein/Doom/Infocom disks made it all around the neighborhood with nary a flipped bit.


Disks varied in quality. Some failed days after purchase. Some had a mishap. Some just plain degraded. Others... still work.


I've never had to do more surgery on my storage media to recover data than I did on floppy disks.


I always had the bad luck that 1 outta 10 ejects would tear the metal shield off.


Around 1992 or so I was working at a large manufacturer that was still working to eliminate punch cards. Don't underestimate how long a technology can stay in use in organizations where technology is not the main business line.


Lot of these companies claim that implementing a modern system would cost too much.

They just haven't figured out opportunity cost due to poor capabilities, or how much lost productivity there is because of the old system.


They should migrate to minidiscs :D


The Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) has lost two floppy disks containing personal information on 38 people

Amateurs. In the USA we can do that kind of thing for 38 million people. with the advances in private sector we're on track to do so for 3.8 billion any day now.


Now, to be fair we did outsource that security clearance data to China... Why I have no idea.


> According to the MPD's third organized crime control division, the names, dates of birth, and sex of 38 men

Looks like they leaked their sex a second time.


Haha. That's what I noticed. Looks like it's a translation error.


Just last year we got documentation for a self-driving car project from a japanese OEM on a DVD. Hilarity ensued, I remember IT running around like a headless chicken trying to find a reader, then trying to buy one, then trying friends and family.


I use floppy disks for my Akai S2800 sampler :) Originally built around 1992 it still works (and sounds) great! Modding it to support USB is too expensive, and I quite enjoy some of the limitations it brings. You have to get creative for some things.


I quite enjoy some of the limitations it brings. You have to get creative for some things.

There really is something distinctive from the golden age of hip hop where you were limited sample size and really had to flip and combine many different samples to produce a beat. J Dilla came a little later, but he was certainly influenced by the sound and I think it should be no surprise that his Akai Sampler (MPC3000, which also had a 3.5" disk drive) would be included in the Smithsonian collection [0].

0 - https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.139.1?destination=/...


I used to use floppies for my Yamaha synth from the early 2000s, but I recently finally did the USB mod and I completely recommend it!


Cool! Those things are indestructible. Very nice hardware.


I somehow remember some way of getting them to be read on an atari.


Wouldn't it be interesting if the floppy disks lost were 2.88MB and also only commonly readable in japan, where that rare format of drive was very slightly more popular in the mid 1990s.


I remember in the mid-90s a customer had just prior to my contract with them starting deployed some 3COM enterprise core routers. They were having issues with connectivity to their Banyan Vines servers which I tracked down to an issue with the routers. 3COM had a bug fix but the routers required the use of 2.88MB floppies to upgrade them. Neither the customer or I had a 2.88MB floppy drive to write the upgrade to. It took 2 full days of searching to find anyone who could get me one in less than a month.


I know it's security by obscurity, but this would secure the data a very decent amount lol


Not quite obscurity given the attackers could measure the disk and do a quick Yahoo search. Maybe, security by antiquity?


Both. There was an episode in the second `gig` of GITS anime that showcased this model to secure a character's secret ledger before hackers fried his brain.

For a brief period, I kept a copy of my /etc/passwd and keyfiles on a HiMD disk with an RH1.


I’m curious now because I don’t recall the episode - what was the episode title?


Fabricate Fog


I heard they were superfamicom cartridges


I think you mean famicom. Unless I'm mistaken, the famicom and the 64 had floppy drives add-ons (FDS and 64DD), but I don't think the super famicom did. Unless you're speaking of 3rd party tools like those used to copy games, but afaik they use standard floppies.


Maybe HiFD or SuperDisk, Iomega something-or-the-other...


Don't worry they were Bernoulli disks


Criminals recover the disks but then are foiled in their dastardly endeavors because they can’t find a disk drive to load the floppies.


There's many options to buy affordable 3.5" USB floppy drives on Amazon and eBay. However, I haven't been able to find any obvious options to read 5.25" floppy disks on a modern machine.


There were external 5.25 drives back in the day that connected via parallel port, one of those paired with a parallel to USB bridge should do the trick. The really hard part will be drivers, unless your USB adapter has one baked into the firmware you may find yourself writing your own drivers.


This makes me wonder what the top posts on HN would have looked like if it existed in 1995


This gives a glimpse of what it may have looked like: https://hn.algolia.com/?q=1995


The scariest part is how much hasn’t changed. ;)


To be fair those posts are only mostly a few years old, so they’re being upvoted by the same HN crowd that generally decides what makes it to the front page.


We should send a dupe filter update using a time machine.


The headline is borderline the Onion news material. I love it.



I wouldn't worry. Everybody knows that floppy disks are used to safely watch solar eclipses. Nobody would plug them into ancient computers expecting to find some data there.



more questions than answers, I love how the article provides no information on why floppy disks were being used as if it occurred in 1995.


The typical reasons costs a lot to upgrade tech for large organizations, existing supply lines to get the equipment, the pro/cons being well understood at this point, etc.

Oh, and of course our good old friend "well we've always done it this way!"


https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2019/10/22/us-nuclear-weapo...

"US nuclear weapons command finally ditches 8-inch floppies"

>And yet, such a computer system ranks as one of the most important in the world – so critical in fact that nobody has wanted to change or upgrade it since it was built nearly half a century ago.


devops will eat me alive for this, but my 2c is if it's critical infra, and if it's working, don't touch it. Sure write a new one in parallel, but don't change or upgrade it.


Luckily for well, everyone, those 8-inch floppies didn't really see a lot of use.


Since the nuke one was filed here I add as a sibling comment that the McLaren F1 no longer needs a particular 1990s Compaq laptop.

https://tiremeetsroad.com/2017/12/19/no-mclaren-doesnt-need-...


True, but on the other hand neither CDs, DVDs nor Blurays are bleeding edge tech these days :-))

I also imagine that we've made at least 10x as many DVDs by now, than all the floppies that were ever made, regardless of the floppy disk size.


Will we pretend that the usage of floppy disks is normal in almost 2022? Or perhaps the news value comes from this fact, but then, they don't make any comment on it... Weird.

I also love that they seem to be taking this seriously, even when it's just 38 people, while all over the world, governments (cough Turkey cough) don't even apologize when they leak the personal details of ALL of their citizens. Well.


Will we pretend that the usage of floppy disks is normal in almost 2022?

What's wrong with them? They're reasonably robust for short term shortage, easily copyable, and you can design your own format if you want to. The space limitation is only a problem if you need to actually store more than 1.4MB or so. And if you want to lock down an environment so USB devices can't be used there aren't many other portable storage options.

They're definitely not something you'd want to keep around as archival media or anything but they served very well for the best part of 3 decades, and the main reason we moved on was because users started needing to store large images and video. I still rather like floppy disks.


They are also tremendously slow, somewhat fragile, prone to media decay, and extremely difficult to source replacement media in 2021. Replacement drives are also somewhat hard to find.

Most people with security constraints have long since moved on to optical media (CDr and DVDr), but even those are starting to become hard to find. Optical media has the advantage of having write-once modes which makes it easier to avoid cross contaminating data. The workflow is very straightforward, burn the disc, run it through the dedicated virus scanner, copy the data on the target platform, toss the disc in the shredder. The cost of each disc is negligable, especially if you start counting the man-hours wasted waiting on that incredibly slow floppy interface.


> prone to media decay

Not in my experience. I have floppies 40 years old that haven't lost a byte.


... and I have had 3.5" floppies that have lost data by taking them for a five minute walk a block away.

40 years indicates you're probably using 5¼" (or larger!) media which is slightly better at media decay due to lower densities.


I have many 3.5 inchers. None of them lost data, either.

Although as a precaution, I long ago copied them en masse to CDROMs. Later, the CDROMs got copied to hard disks.

I gave away my PDP-11 long ago, but not before I copied the 8" floppies it had (circa 1980). But one day I realized I had neglected to copy a critical file. I had the floppies, but no way to copy them. Then I remembered a friend of mine, Shal Farley, might still have an -11. Calling him up, sure enough, he had it but hadn't fired it up in years and was about to dispose of it. I mailed him the floppies.

He fired up the -11, it still worked fine, and the floppies all copied perfectly. My entire box of floppies, every byte.

A big thanks to Shal and his company, Cheshire Engineering.

(The missing file was one of the source files to Empire for the PDP-11, which I have now backed up on https://github.com/DigitalMars/Empire-for-PDP-11 )


Thank you for sharing your source code for Empire!


I just recently went through around 300 floppy disks -- 3.5" HD mostly, but also some 5.25" 360k and a few 3.5" DD. All dating to 1985-1995.

Overwhelming majority of the disks were readable. I have about 15-20 that aren't... and many of them may be formatted Mac 800k which I am not able to read out right now, rather than corrupted.

This even includes many DD disks that were formatted as HD by my PS/2 that just didn't care. Was a slight hassle to get newer drives to ignore the absence of the density hole and read them out.

The bigger problem is that almost all the interesting data I'd want from that era was generally overwritten by dumb stuff. Why keep old papers and source code from when I was a "baby", when a friend was offering a copy of a game?


So have I. But I also remember plenty of floppies that I’ve written data to not even surviving the 30 minute cycle to college back in the 90s.

Maybe consumer floppies were of a lower quality than published ones? I don’t know if that’s true but I do remember having a really low success rate with consumer floppies (it got so bad I’d often write two floppies just in case).


I also remember plenty of floppies that I’ve written data to not even surviving the 30 minute cycle to college back in the 90s.

I think stray magnetic fields were more of a problem back then. Fridge magnets, magnetic clasps on wallets and bags, magnetic clasps on notebooks and binders, etc. There were lots of hidden opportunities for corruption.

These days, nobody worries about the mag stripe on their credit card getting wiped. But it was an active concern back then.


To be fair, basically nobody uses magstripe anymore.


Plenty still do. The Home Depots near me don't do chip. They're magstripe only.

I'm more annoyed when a store doesn't take Apple Pay. The clerks always seem embarrassed when I ask because I'm sure I'm the 900,000th person to inquire. I find it so odd that the Krogers in two cities I've been to recently don't do contactless payments at all.


I'd cut a notch in the floppies so I could turn them over and use them. The back sides worked fine, too!


I’d have still expected them be writable because unlike CDs, writing a magnetic field isn’t destructive. But what I meant was whether cheap blank disks used a slightly different (cheaper) magnetic alloy with a shorter read/write limit than commercial software where they maybe spent a little more knowing it needed to be read often?

I do remember cassettes had different quality magnetic strips but I don’t know if the same was ever true for disks too… so it’s probably bonkers. I’m just throwing some ideas around without much thought. :)

It might just be a case that college kid me was less careful with his disks than you were.

More recently though, I have unboxed my old collection of 3” (not 3.5” but literally 3 inch) floppies for the Amstrad CPC 464 and they almost all worked despite being nearly 40 years old. So I definitely believe you when you post about your success rate.


It depended on which brands of floppies you bought. Some vendors were more profit-oriented than others and would skimp on the binding agent or just the amount of magnetic material without which the signal can become so weak they could become corrupted by being the the same room as a Wooly Willy.


That was one of the earliest instances I remember, where superior functionality was shipped with a product but kind of locked up. And like some other such “locks” they were easily defeated.


My old floppies are great. The newer ones, starting around 2000 or so, are mostly junk.


I haven't bought a floppy since 2000, so I wouldn't know!


They are decently easy to find in popular capacities at http://floppydisk.com


They are also tremendously slow

When you're only reading 1.44 megs of data, speed isn't that big a deal.


It has been many years now, but I recall a full floppy dump took on the order of a few minutes to complete. Small data sizes were countered by the incredibly slow floppy drive interface.


Speed. And, while they can be robust they are often not. One of the problems are misaligned drives. Where you will have robust use of them on one machine, and robust use on another machine. But if you take a disk written in one it can't be read in the other.

Very fun times storing your home-work on a disk, bringing the disk to school and being unable to read it. Very common problem.


Back when I still used these I remembered they had horrible life span - I would take a new disk out from the box, wrote some files to it, then months later when I tried to read the disk I was unable to do so, with the disk drive making constant cricket sound.


> Very fun times storing your home-work on a disk, bringing the disk to school and being unable to read it. Very common problem.

I never had that while growing up. Used floppies for ~6 years, since school computers were ancient, no usb, and the cd drives always struggled to read home burned cds.. Floppies worked 100% regardless of brand or drive.

In 6 years I had 1 floppy suddenly die on me.. which I thought was really weird.. Otherwise I'd carry around in my backpack 1-3, until they'd get physically damaged or start making new noises, that's how I knew it's time to replace them.


I constantly had failed floppies.

I started using them as a kid, but probably after the world had moved on (I liked to tinker, and usually free computers were old computers)

Part of me wonders if the quality was "A shaped", where early disks were experimental, then reliable but expensive disks became common, then cheap but maybe not as reliable disks became even more common


There was definitely a period, at least with 5.25" disks, when name brand disks like Verbatim definitely tended to be more reliable than cheap disks bought in bulk. The latter weren't that bad (usually) and it often still made sense to use them so long as you were extra-careful with backups.

In general, failed floppies weren't a weekly occurrence or anything like that. But a floppy that couldn't be read or at least developed bad sectors was not rare either.


They are not reliable at all.

And if you don't want to use USB... well good luck finding a modern motherboard with a floppy disk interface. These days you obviously have to use a USB floppy disk readers. The argument of not using USB doesn't make a lot of sense, USB is not dangerous, it's how the OS is configured. Also how do you plug in mouse and keyboard, with PS2? And by the way, if you don't want to use USB at all you can use an SD card (you can find readers that are PCI express and thus don't require USB), or a CD ROM with a SATA reader, or a SATA HDD with an hotswap caddie, etc.


I found it depends upon the make. The windows 95 floppy are good. Only linux in CD-ROM at that time. Both work ok.


USB sticks are better in every respect.


I never had a floppy fake an HID.


USB sticks also require an open USB port which can be used for all kinds of attack vectors that you just don't have to remember hardening against with a floppy.


Except security. Floppies can't do anything other than storage, but USB devices can be just about anything.


The story doesn't say much about what kind of computers are used, but the floppy drives could just as well be USB ones...


Extreme unreliability, terrible speed, tiny storage, dearth of available equipment. The reasons not to use floppy disks for anything that matters are numerous and clear.


> [...] and you can design your own format if you want to.

Is the Tokyo police going to "design" their own floppy format? Why!?

This is most likely the effect of some luddite in a leadership position that simply can't handle change but has been able to force everyone to comply for decades. Floppies in 2020? Really? Maybe this will be embarrassing enough that they'll upgrade.

It happens though, there was a story some years back about an HVAC filter company (Sparkle) that ran much of their business operations on late 1950's IBM hardware that used plug-boards. Plug-boards! https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14121527


> This is most likely the effect of some luddite in a leadership position that simply can't handle change but has been able to force everyone to comply for decades.

It's much more likely that they have an established set of procedures on how to handle day to day operations that involves floppies, and that they didn't see the point of changing the procedures that already work for them.


I think using floppies is a great way to safeguard privacy. Even if someone finds those disks, they won't be able to read them


I had to break this to you, but you can definitely find an affordable USB Floppy drive in Tokyo.


Haven't checked lately but I bet Yodobashi still has a dedicated Floppy section.


Alright then, we're upgrading to ZipDisk for added security through obscurity.


Won't help if the finder of the floppies has a Mac. I have a bunch of old floppy disks, but from what I've read online, you can't even hook a USB floppy drive to a Mac anymore. All that code is gone from the OS.


You can install VirtualBox and pass the USB floppy device through to any OS that can read it.


As long as it’s not an M1. I tried recently to read some old CDroms that were formatted for OS9. Not a straightforward process to read those old file systems. And, if you have an M1, you then need to have a w OS that runs on the arm chip. Or, you can use qemu to install os9 in full emulation. What a PITA.


IIRC, really old Macs got extra storage out of a floppy by spinning the disc faster when the read/write heads were on the outer tracks. Made them a wee bit difficult to read on any other hardware.


Or safeguard nuclear weapons. America's nukes got hacked literally the same month they proudly announced that they had modernized away from floppies. You'd think that'd be more newsworthy than a couple public housing applicants in Japan having their privacy invaded but nope. https://justine.lol/sectorlisp2/#footnote6


> America's nukes got hacked literally the same month they proudly announced that they had modernized away from floppies.

You're conflating two entirely different things. US nukes were not hacked, that's a massive exaggeration.

"Shaylyn Hynes, a DOE spokesperson, said that an ongoing investigation into the hack has found that the perpetrators did not get into critical defense systems."

"They found suspicious activity in networks belonging to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories in New Mexico and Washington, the Office of Secure Transportation at NNSA, and the Richland Field Office of the DOE."

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/17/nuclear-agency-hack...


Well might stop someone who does not care but someone like me would be highly curious finding a floppy disc this day and age and may spend the 20$ on amazon for a reader.


I still have a functioning zip 250 drive. Step.


Functioning until the clic of death arises, you mean.


That's why iomega released the Clik! disks. You don't have a Zip! drive anymore, you have a Clik! drive.


A brutal trip down memory lane


The same could be said about an encryption


Punched tape, OTOH, is too easy to read.


Was thinking the same thing, like theoretically it's better than encryption :D


"Security by obscurity [of medium]"


>Will we pretend that the usage of floppy disks is normal in almost 2022?

This is Japan, no pretending needed. They're waaaay backwards, internet there tends to be 20 years behind the times for starters ... Thought this was common knowledge.


When I visited I described this as "one foot in the future and one foot firmly in the past"

Some things are futuristic and obvious improvements (e.g. Suica and ApplePay NFC support in 2016/2017) and others are stubbornly in the past (e.g. cash only, physical media, place and structure of society).


Japan isn't backwards. It's more accurate to describe them as "sideways". They just don't follow the same tech track as everyone else.


Your comment would imply they both lack certain innovations we have but also have equally big ones they're ahead of us on. I don't really find that to be the case. I think it is awesome you can board a bus with a 10,000 yen note and the machine can give you change no problem. Also, ATM machines take your coins for deposit and all. But that has been around twenty plus years, and I can't think of anything else substantial I'm jealous of.


Do you have any citations for this? I'd love to explore in depth what the lateral tech track looks like.


My husband is Japanese so all my information is second-hand, but if you want to learn about Japan in a non-anime-manga-etc based way, I can recommend the TV channel "NHK World", which is in English, and also English-language Japanese news sources like the Japan Times.


Thank you!


They have flying cars. See the documentary Red Sun (1993) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Sun_(film)). :-)


Not sure what you mean by the “internet” being 20 years behind. Maybe website design? Certainly not connectivity which is generally world class.

Japan has a great culture of precision engineering and quality (although software is a bit of a different story). On the other hand decision making is very conservative and change is often blocked by vested interests.

Also they invested heavily in a lot of cutting edge infrastructure during the bubble, but now have been slow to replace it.

The most likely answer as to why the MPD still use floppy disks is there is no funding for a total system upgrade. The most likely reason there is no funding is a combination of conservative decision making combined with a politically well connected vendor that makes big bucks of supporting the existing infrastructure.


This is Japan, no pretending needed. They're waaaay backwards, internet there tends to be 20 years behind the times for starters ... Thought this was common knowledge.

The Japan you and I know from personal experience isn't anything at all like the imagined futuristic cyberpunk image that the chattering internet has created.


Also — name, date of birth, and sex are considered highly guarded top-secret personal information. Most people would voluntarily publish this and more on any social media platform without giving it a second thought.

And I don't see anything wrong with floppies, besides them and drives no longer being produced. USB sticks are too expensive, and optical media are too delicate, often single-use and an overkill for this purpose.


Isn’t the most sensitive information here that they applied for public housing?


Instead of encrypting the data, maybe they are relying on the fact that nobody else today has a reader for floppy disks, so the data is safe.


Shhh, you are giving ideas to the crypto banks.


I wouldn't surprise me if they did: cold storage on obscure storage formats.


So 3MB of personal information? That's well under 1 byte per citizen how bad can it be?

/s


If they are 5.25" 1.2MB high density floppies, that's a max of 64k per person. What the what?


I had used total city population as denominator. Oops


From what I remember, Samsung killed off floppy disk manufacturing when it was still bringing $70M annually. Not surprised some places still use them. Considering how dated it is, it's probably safer than having a USB dongle because nobody can read it


Why even publish this tbh? I mean it's good they're doing that, but advertising a leak with so few people affected seems weird to me.


Japanese culture is very strict about being being precise and having high expectations of each other and of companies in general.

Some may not know this, but trains, and railcars in Japan are accurate _down to the second_ and if there's any deviation from that, the management company for the line will generally offer an apology to the riders.

The easiest one I could find was from 2017 where a train left the station 20s earlier than scheduled. Source: https://www.mir.co.jp/assets_rti/pdf/2017.11.14.pdf


I was on a 3 hour Shinkansen trip that was 2 minutes late and the staff profusely apologized when we arrived.

I have also been on a cross US Amtrak trip that was literally 30 hours late and they rationed food and the staff became increasingly rude and unhelpful.


In Wales, I've had a train scheduled for every hour that has both just not shown up and has ran straight through the station without stopping (lol).

Pretty awesome watching the train you've been waiting for just sort of keep going :D. (The magic of newtown Wales!)


IIRC buses in London do that when they are overfilled.

The worst is tho running and rushing and then finally making it into train car that turns out to be going completely wrong direction.


Same here in Canada. I used to take the train between Montreal and Toronto frequently and I don't actually remember it ever being on time. It usually was 30-60 minutes late, since Via Rail shared rail with freight trains, but had a lower priority so it often needed to wait.


I must commend the Berlin transit system. Except for the occasional strike, I found it to be extremely efficient, clean, and rather polite. Especially the trams.


I've heard very many complaints about Deutsche Bahn though. On the other hand here in Switzerland trains are crazy good, perhaps not as much as Japan, but if you have a 5 minutes connection you can normally assume you'll make it.


Deutsche Bahn is notorious for being late or having technical problems. It's like a running gag. Everytime I have to take a train in Germany, I make sure to have at least 1-2 hours between connecting trains/flights.

And yes, Japanese trains are crazily accurate. Not only are they (almost) always perfectly on time, they also stop exactly at the position that is indicated on the platform, so you can line up and wait right in front of the train door.


Did you and I live in the same Berlin??? The S Bahn is literally always late.


I have a strange compulsion to leave for things much earlier than I need to, and I arrive early always. I honestly didn’t notice, looked down of the platform and checked when the next train was coming, and wait. The tram was fantastic, I took it every day and really liked it. I was there for three months in the fall.


I see. I lived almost a decade in Berlin, and both in west and east. I cannot say enough good things about the trains. However I will not say they are always on time!


I lived in the Washington, DC area for ten years and used its train system every day, and it pales in comparison to Berlin. I've also tried New York City, San Francisco, Paris, Sydney, Moscow, and Atlanta, and Berlin was just top notch. I envy you immensely. The cleanliness, politeness of its passengers, above and under, it was just wonderful.


It's easy to apologize profusely for something that is well within expectations.

On the other end of that spectrum, I can also empathize a bit with an increasingly unhelpful crew of a 30 hour late train. Yeah, you don't have to be rude about it, but at some point, there's simply a decreasing amount of help that can be given.


And I'd imagine everyone on board was becoming rude and unhelpful.


Amtrak sucks so bad.


I wonder why the Japanese culture is like that. Obviously, some other nations could use the same precision and keeping companies (and governments) to high standards. But out of all countries, I can only think of Japan that does that.

Is it because of language? Religion? Genetics? Isolation? What is the reason?



I presume then they are computer controlled? If so, how does one actually leave early or late?


Computer control is nice but it's one tiny piece. If wayside infrastructure fails during rush hour, trains are going to be delayed, so they have to assure that won't happen. Station dwell times are another big issue that computers don't have any control over (the train can't leave when someone's backpack is caught in the door).

Computer control is more of a safety issue than a reliability enhancer. Computers are pretty good at stopping trains before they crash into another train or rocket off of a curve some idiot took at 80mph, but not so good at driving the train at its safe limits. Ever ride BART? It's been fully automatic since its inception (in normal operation, drivers have an e-stop button and make announcements) and it isn't setting records for on-time performance.

I think the fascination with Japan's on-time record is a little overblown. I went to high school in Tokyo and I was late plenty of times due to train problems. Snow? Schedule is fucked for the entire day; trains canceled, trains late. Someone falls in front of a train? You're not going anywhere for an hour. As a rider of the New York subway system during the "meltdown", I can tell you that you can absolutely do worse than Japan. But the MTA was still happy to hand out vouchers explaining why I was late to work.


> Computer control is nice but it's one tiny piece.

I don't know if they do this, but I'd imagine if they built in buffers and then controlled the train speed based on arrival/departure times they could get pretty accurate. If a run's maximum average speed (mouthful) is 120 km/h then plan on 100 km/h which gives you +20 buffer to play with in order to make sure the time is right. A computer would allow that +20 to be evenly spread so passengers aren't aware of it.

That, of course, has much less to do with computers and more to do with planning and eliminating and accounting for unknowns as much as possible.


> the train can't leave when someone's backpack is caught in the door

It can, if the door slam shuts instead of attempting to reopen and close.


The signal will often go green (or in the case of this line, ATC will show that the train is cleared to proceed) prior to the actual departure time. This is because the trains are not allowed to close their doors until they have a departure signal, so this has to happen well before the actual departure time. Depending on the station configuration and signalling technology the signal clearing may simply occur automatically once the line ahead is clear, so it's up to the train driver to ensure that they don't depart too early.


Japanese train drivers are trained to the extreme, with periodic auditing by the trainers that involves being timed with a stopwatch as they cover the speedometer. https://youtu.be/xzkU6tmdImY?t=205

The high punctuality isn't necessarily without its faults; it creates a high-stress environment to adhere to schedule. 106 people died in a train crash that is hypothesized to have happened because the train was 60 seconds late. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagasaki_derailment


There’s a limited amount of computer control, you have people checking to see that the platform is clear and it’s safe to leave. Meanwhile, the computer is controlling a physical system and it’s not like the control will be perfect… everything from weather to mechanical failures will affect it.


They have a driver.


I’m under the impression it’s a similar thing in Sweden regarding trains. I heard they give you money to cover a taxi if the train is late by a few minutes or something.


I heard they give you money to cover a taxi if the train is late by a few minutes or something.

LOL. If that was true the Swedish train companies would have been bankrupt decades ago. Swedish trains are extremely unreliable. As someone who used to take the Stockholm-Gothenburg train a lot for work I was happy every time I arrived less than an hour late.


In Finland you can claim money if the train is late 25% with 60 minutes and 50% at 2 hours... Also taxis are done sometimes, but people really need to know their rights and demand it.


With Stockholm public transport, you get up to $130 for a taxi if the (expected) delay is more than 20 minutes. My guess is that it works out fincancially because so few people know about it / can be arsed to send in the paperwork.

For intercity routes you get 25% off the ticket after 1h delay and 50% after 2h delay.


Not at all, trains and tracks in Sweden are old and not properly maintained. And the official statistics regarding punctuality is insanely misleading.

Yes, if they screw you over you might get a taxi ride. But most probably you'd just have to wait for several hours and get up to 50% of the ticket price as a voucher for the next trip.

Trains are one of the most embarrassing part of Sweden. And we are probably going to spend and absolute fortune on new tracks and new slow trains (slow because costs have already spun out of control).


They don't give money, but they do get you a taxi if you missed your train change. Alternatively, a night at a nearby hotel and a new trip the next morning.


Only if there is no other option. If there's another train in three hours, then you are waiting three hours.


This is Japan. If someone finds an item on the street it will be dropped off at the nearest Kōban box (small police station that are everywhere). I lost a pair of sunglasses once that were $$ that I cared about them. I had a rough idea of were I lost them. The next day I went to the local Kōban and sure enough they had them. Lots paperwork to get them back as it is Japan.

https://jref.com/articles/koban-japanese-police-boxes.199/


> If someone finds an item on the street it will be dropped off at the nearest Kōban box

Unless it's an umbrella. For some magical reason, umbrellas are excempt from this rule and can be taken from wherever by anyone. I lost a cheap umbrella like this during a trip, and read about it and apparently it's the one item it's definitely not safe to leave unattended in Japan. Go figure!


This is very true. Cheap umbrellas are a community item. :)


I’m not familiar with Japanese law, but frankly leaking information about a _single_ person should be cause for a breach notification everywhere. The fact that it isn’t is indicative of the fact that profit is placed over privacy so often.


The real data pirates are the big data surveillance overlords.


Japan has been known to apologize publicly when a train runs a couple minutes late.


Japan has also been known to cram passengers into trains during rush hour.

I imagine this practice has probably been fervently deprecated due to covid19.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7kor5nHtZQ


That seems like a personal decision to get into the already crowded car instead of waiting for the next one, I don't imagine someone is standing at the station platform and forcing more people into the train car against their will.


Yes, people willingly got on the train and the platform stewards helped.


it's a level of honesty that we are not used to it


In Europe notifying of leaks is mandatory. And when police is doing it it tends to leak, so better do it themselves too.


Isn't leak notification normal in the US?


Using floppies is apparently still pretty common in japan.


Norwegian Health Department sent floppies to doctors until 2016 on a large scale. See https://gundersen.net/functional-floppy-disks-in-2015/


I still use floppies a lot. I know, why? Well there is a lot of hardware from the 80's and 90's that, unlike simple PCs, does not really obsolete.* I know this affects a lot of areas, but mine is synthesizers and samplers. Synths allows you to save sounds you created or banks of sounds, and depending on the synth, possibly other things. Samplers recorded short snippets of digital audio and then allows you to place that sound in a configuration that allowed you to play it like a synthesizer.

Fortunately, most synths no longer really need the floppy since most of what it gets you is easily replaced with MIDI SYSEX, and dump requests. Samplers on the other hand, while many did implement MIDI SDS, dumping digital audio at 31.25kbps is an exercise in boredom. Some of the later samplers have SCSI, so saving off to SD cards is easy (thanks to the SCSI2SD boards) but for some, I still have to save off to floppy.

* While there are newer devices of this type available without the floppy dependancy, each musical instrument is a unique creation with its own sound, so just because there is something new it doesn't mean that new thing is a replacement for the original thing (just as a trumpet isn't a relacement for a violin.)


Oh Japan, never change.


not just problematic because of the data on them, but if they keep losing them they might also run out of floppy disks for their day to day business, since they've been out of production for a decade


I am disappointed by all the comments being focused on the use of floppy disks, as opposed to questions about whether contents on these removable media were encrypted. Even the original news article doesn't mention what are the data security practices employed by these agencies, other than the physical storage was locked.


If you're using floppy disks in ~2022 you're almost certainly not encrypting the data on them.


Tens of citizens' personal information may have been exposed.


Linux officially dropped support for floppy disk drives: https://techreport.com/news/3464145/linux-dropping-floppy-dr...

Why are they still using that?


Reminds me of 2 random tidbits on Japanese culture [1] Hanko [2] Fax Machines

Hanko are the red stamps that people require for official paperwork. Fax machines are still in vogue, probably related to the fact that Hanko are needed to complete official paperwork.

[1] https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/hanko/ [2] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/07/japanese-fax-f...


> According to the MPD's third organized crime control division, the names, dates of birth, and sex of 38 men in their 20s to 80s who had applied for Meguro Ward-run housing were recorded on the floppy disks. None of them were apparently affiliated with gangs.

Putting aside the "floppy disk" question, I have to say they seem a hella lot more polite and regretful for the lost data than the constant and more extreme breaches and loss of PII that seem to get stolen regularly here in the U.S. Equifax?


I did an MRI a while ago, and waited for 20 minutes for the images to be burnt on a CD so that I could physically bring it to my doctor. I thought that was archaic.


No worries. Nobody knows how to use floppies.


Haven't seen a floppy disk for 20 years. Haven't seen an 8" floppy since about 1988.

Floppies got bitrot quite badly; I doubt they're readable without forensic equipment (come to think of it, even without the bitrot, equipment for reading floppies isn't common).


Equipment to read floppies is readily available on eBay, and is not excessively expensive.


Someone probably nicked them thinking they were novelty coasters shaped like save icons.


If the system/process ain't broke, don't fix it! #respect-oldtech :)


The citizens are probably fine, because.. flopp disks!? Who can read those now? ;-)


I bought a usb floppy drive last month off amazon to archive disks of historical value to my company. It was delivered in 1 day.


I still have a USB floppy drive that came with a Vaio laptop from the early 2000s. I've only ever used it once just to test that it worked but have held onto it for fun.


> 38 people

The number of people whose info can fit on 2 floppy disks.


I really expected to see a comment here asking mods to update the title with the year of publication. I did not expect that year to be 2021


Ah, the nostalgia. Reminds me of hole-punching the side to turn it into a double sided disk.


Floppy disks in 2022? Maybe Doc & Marty got lost in Tokyo :)


Makes me wonder how old the citizens are on the floppy disk ?:-)


From the 4th paragraph of the article

> 38 men in their 20s to 80s


I wonder how long ago did they stop using punch cards?


2 what? Did they time-travel from 1992?


Forgot to add (1994), right?


So less than 3MB of data.


There were 2.88MB floppies, or... I think that was actually an encoding thing? That is, I think you could take a "standard" 3.5" floppy and use special software to format it up to 2.88MB. (Maybe it just changed the track sizes or something, and hoped your disk was high enough quality to take that)


ED floppies have a different media notch. You can't get higher capacity in them using HD disks. You can however superformat HD media to 30MB in the later LS120 drives. The catch is they don't support random writes. New data requires a total rewrite.


3.5 inch diskettes ?


Maybe the 8" ones? I guess we'll end up creating more questions and not getting any answers any time soon.

You'd think that the duration or lifespan of equipment is written down somewhere, and that when stuff expires it's transferred to a replacement. But even in Japan that doesn't seem to apply to governmental bodies.

Small benefit of this case: it can't be that much data, unless it's a private key to a server that actually contains everything.


Maybe they meant a SD card or USB drive, but translated it as "floppy".


The Japanese version says "FD" multiple times, so it really is talking about floppy disks.


Japanese version of the news also reports floppy discs (ロッピーディスク), what would make sense since leaked was "only" the data of 38 people.


These are the real questions


Is this from 2021?


1.44MB?


You mean "1.44MB", not 1.44MB :-) since they hold 1440 KiB (1474560 bytes), not 1509949, despite the name. Those disks sat on a throne of lies.

And the disks in this story were most likely Japanese "2.88MB" disks, whose true capacity I do not know.


Great.




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