The difference is that machine learning technology can potentially operates at orders of magnitude of higher speeds, and potentially without humans in the loop. (The threat model is less "flip the on switch and everybody immediately dies"; but "flip the on switch, it works so well it gets woven into our infrastructure", until a critical threshold is met, and some seemingly-innocuous Make Number Go Up algo leads to humanity having a Very Very Bad Day.)
So all the same perverse incentives (orthogonality) of human-org AIs, but iterating thousands or millions of times faster.
The difference is that machine learning technology can potentially operates at orders of magnitude of higher speeds, and potentially without humans in the loop. (The threat model is less "flip the on switch and everybody immediately dies"; but "flip the on switch, it works so well it gets woven into our infrastructure", until a critical threshold is met, and some seemingly-innocuous Make Number Go Up algo leads to humanity having a Very Very Bad Day.)
So all the same perverse incentives (orthogonality) of human-org AIs, but iterating thousands or millions of times faster.