> Steel wheel on steel rail is low friction, and you get most of the energy used to go uphill back when you go downhill.
If you were going up and down hills, would you still use steel wheel in steel rail unless you had some sort of cable to work with? I always thought the Muni did relatively level routes for that reason? The Lausanne m2 for example uses rubber (well, ideally you’d be able to just balance the train going up with the train going down, but that only works for simple inclines with limited stops). Actually, a battery powered rubber wheeled tram service on some sort of steep incline like SF’s cable car routes could get some wicked regen going down.
Even if level, they could still get some regen from making stops.
Modern speed control technology has expanded the incline range for steel-wheeled trains quite a bit. Inclines that would have historically pointed towards rubber-tired or non-traction systems are usually within the range of steel wheels with solid-state motor control. Basically the control of torque is much finer than in old resistance-box parallel/series speed controllers, so you can avoid slippage much more easily.
The J Church line on Muni is still a train in part because back when they were converting lines to buses, the hill on Church St was too steep for buses.
Wiki says it was more because of the private right away used, not necessarily its steepness:
> While many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the J Church avoided this due to the private right-of-way it uses to climb the steepest grades on Church Street, between 18th Street and 22nd Street.[9]
muni has "relatively level routes" because the routes that were preserved were ones with tunnels that buses couldn't fit through (or narrow ROW in the case of the J), and given sf geography those tunnels invariably go through hills. muni, and especially the J, is one of the steeper adhesion railways in the world
Also you have to replace tyres all the time, steel wheels last longer between services and are reconditioned on a lathe periodically instead of having to be continually replaced. It's one of several reasons why the longer term operating cost is way lower for trams than buses.
How many rubber wheel metros exist? I only know of a few -- Paris is one, but not all lines. Where do you live such you need to "avoid them like the plague"?
I wonder if there's every been a study if the air quality in the montreal metro vs comparable cities. Or even within Montreal... does the blue line use tires? (Edit, yes, for some reason I thought one line didn't have them, apparently they all do)
I was told the tires are to reduce noise but I wonder if part of it is to handle some of the steeper sections like Vendome up to Villa Maria.
To preempt accusations that the automotive endproduct isn't represented by this study, I'll concede it's next to impossible to have conclusive studies on specific forms of road pollution, that is, the best one can do is find a link between (rail)cars and cancer but nothing more specific than that :)
--Until they replace rubber in wheels with something else, I guess. Meanwhile, feel free to accept the reindustrialization
I don’t know. Nixon had goons breaking into the DNC headquarters (and his whole southern strategy led to racially polarized politics up to this day), and there was that senator who got beaten by another senator just before the civil war. Eisenhower waited in the car rather than attend a meeting with Truman on his inauguration.
Nixon was forced to resign in disgrace to avoid impeachment when it came out. The dude in the White House now did much worse and he was rewarded with reelection.
It isn’t hard at all if you live in east or west Africa. Or if you live in Italy, or if you live in China, you can see local variations that are generalized in other places. It’s always been like, only recently have we made distinctions between Asians in say Iran and Japan (both are technically oriental by medieval European standards) .
That's naive and you know it. A massive drive for him was electing the first black president. A less, but still not-insignificant drive was for Hillary as the first female president.
Thats your opinion, Obama could have been white, and he still would have been voted for by 99.9% of those who voted for him. Young Kennedy-like candidates are rare (eg Bill Clinton and Barack Obama) but are incredibly electable when they show up.
Towards the end of his presidency, most of us forgot he was even black. Just those white southerners and a certain old guy in New York who were fixated on his race from the beginning still thought he was a DEI elect.
There were hit songs about what a big moment it is that he was black. At least among minorities that was a massive deal. If you didn't see that, I think you're probably closer to those white southerners than you might think you are.
Can you imagine if mainstream entertainers made songs celebrating having a white president?
Given that all of them but one are white, what the point that would be? Songs are not because Obama is black, but because he was the first black on the role.
So you are opposed to fixating on people's race and yet there you are singling out white southerners. The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race.
Most people forgot Obama was black except them, they are also the ones constantly accusing Obama of being racially divisive, they should just own what they say. This is kind of like Trump calling people names but then being greatly offended when someone calls him a name, right?
I’d be shocked if Hilary had a net benefit being a female candidate. We’ve had 2 chances to elect a female president and they both lost the general election with not that great turnout.
John McCain’s VP was female during 08 and he lost by a huge margin.
In a way yes. Kamala lost because she was the ultimate DEI candidate (in how own words that the only reason he picked her to be VP). Regardless of her personal skills or qualities it’s very hard to move past that..
Had she had a chance to prove that she could win a primary things might have been different
In a way yes. Kamala lost because she was the ultimate DEI candidate (in how own words that the only reason he picked her to be VP). Regardless of her personal skills or qualities it’s very hard to move past that..
Biden fucked up in many ways, but he also got a lot of flack from bad timing and poor messaging. It’s easy to say COVID hurt Trump in 20 and Kamala in 24, but I think the details mattered.
The inflation rate fell significantly under his presidency, but during periods of high inflation prices soared. Coming back from that after generations of extremely low inflation would have been tough for someone without failing facilities. I think a great politician could have weathered that storm, Biden wasn’t up to the task and Kamala’s messaging didn’t help.
Republicans getting out ahead on that inflation messaging similarly did wonders for Trump and other Republicans. Planting the idea that America somehow didn’t do well when we did far better than the rest of the world was brilliantly executed IMO.
Kamala probably wins in 2016? I mean this in a very nice way but I think you may want research the politics and candidates in the US a little more before bold statements such as that. Kamala was unable to even register on a scale in the primary and what noise she did make was to play a false game on which she essentially accused Biden of being racist filth. I think it is not just that she had no qualifications for office, we could argue about what constitutes a qualification for a long time, but she had no reasoning or theory of why she would even be someone yo run for office. She tablet in such incomprehensible ways that one could not even discern a point from her utterances. You may say the current president rambles but she think the point is always present. Kamala on her best days just spoke in long winded tautologies: “we are always doing each day the things we do every day” or whenever nonsense she chose to present to the public. Further, he main qualification to place herself as one of the poor people was to constantly talk about being a “middle class kid.” The problem is in her generation, the middle class did quite well for themselves so it was such a false premise. Let’s not discuss the accents.
That was not at all the main reason Obama got elected. He was charismatic, likable and promised hope and change. Why is it that the people who don't want identity politics to be a focus make it a focus?
9th grade for me. The teacher actually just graded us on speed and accuracy, that was my only C in high school. It served me well, however, I got up to 40 WPM and have kept to around 30 during my career (always fast enough it seems). Also, model M PC Jr. keyboards, so I can’t really complain too much.
> A lot of the value added by various intelligent tab completion and LLMs
Saving typing was never a value add for intelligent tab completion, it is mostly used for discovery and recall (what members does the type of this expression have?), not to accelerate your WPM. After around 20-30 wpm, typing speed is not a bottleneck in programming, but size of the API and how much you can fit into your head most definitely is.
> The federal government does not have the power to create money
The federal government choose not to have that power, they could technically take it back at any time with only political/market confidence consequences. With a crazy guy running things, anything is possible at this point.
Jamie Dimon? He isn't the fed. Also, the interest rates set by the FED only apply to banks, not the yield of US treasuries, which is set by supply and demand for those treasuries.
My master bathroom in a 2016 build has a separate toilet room, and only one outlet that is definitely more than six feet away, it would also require drilling a hole somewhere.
Yeah, NEC only requires 1 outlet within 3 feet of each sink in a bathroom, and 2 sinks 6' apart could share 1 outlet. Bathrooms are the really the only place where the NFPA hasn't extended the required number of outlets, and I wouldn't be surprised to see that changed in an upcoming revision. At the very least I wouldn't be shocked to see a NEC requirement for an outlet within 3' of each toilet in the next decade.
If you were going up and down hills, would you still use steel wheel in steel rail unless you had some sort of cable to work with? I always thought the Muni did relatively level routes for that reason? The Lausanne m2 for example uses rubber (well, ideally you’d be able to just balance the train going up with the train going down, but that only works for simple inclines with limited stops). Actually, a battery powered rubber wheeled tram service on some sort of steep incline like SF’s cable car routes could get some wicked regen going down.
Even if level, they could still get some regen from making stops.
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