In Germany we got 6 months. You can get fired faster in this time (2 weeks) but you can also leave faster. I saw employees and employers use this a few times.
The probationary periods in France and Germany address a different public policy issue than the trial period we're discussing here. After the probationary period in France expires, it is legally much more difficult to terminate an employee.
That need does't exist in the US, where employees can be terminated without cause.