>running on 80 or 443 needs root access

Not necessarily:

    setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' your_go_binary
    ./your_go_binary

This interesting, I have never seen setcap. It seems it doesn't work with scripts (ruby, python) and if you are using JVM/mono/beam you will need to setcap the whole VM, but a very cool solution for a language like Go with binaries!

My two cents, you probably need to apply setcap in Python interpreter itself instead of the script. It shouldn't be a problem though, since you probably will use a virtualenv anyway.

Another option would be to drop privileges at runtime.

>It shouldn't be a problem though, since you probably will use a virtualenv anyway.

virtualenvs don't create a new interpreter, they just fudge the python path?

Definitely not recommended on interpreted languages (although we use it all the time on our go apps).

They create a copy of the binary of the interpreter, you can even call it directly instead of activating the virtualenv first.

If you have a service run with systemd you can use this in the unit file:

AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE

otherwise you'll have to run setcap any time the binary changes.

> Also, assuming that any static assets are served, probably a good idea to leverage sendfile.

Go already leverages sendfile:

https://golang.org/src/net/tcpsock_posix.go#L44

Go HTTP standard library does use sendfile whenever possible (you need some kinds of file descriptors, etc...)

And why is nginx safer?

Because, nginx is a hardened program used by thousands of companies with a strong interest in making sure there aren't vulnerabilities. Also, it is a program with a very narrow set of functions. Nginx vulnerabilities are comparatively rare: two security advisories in 2016, none in 2015. [0]

By comparison, app code is often developed rapidly and often only reviewed by at most a few people. Even companies staffed by brilliant minds like Google regularly have vulnerabilities in their application code.

0. http://nginx.org/en/security_advisories.html

It also takes somethings that would suck to learn the ruby version of, the php version of, the node version of, the python version of, etc., and does it faster, and allows you to isolate it from your application's complexity and business logic cleanly. Those things are serving static assests, SSL, and backend spliting. I cringe everytime I see a tutorial loading up the framework in a slow language like node or php to pass a static asset without the use of something like Apache or nginx.