Which suggest 46,860 million kilowatt hours of grid electricity used.
577,245 thousand barrels of motor gasoline produced.
Which works out to 2kWh per gallon (but ignores the fact that lots of other non-gasoline products are produced as part of the same process).
I've seen estimates where if it was 4kW per gallon, then EVs are kind of breaking even and there would be no increase in electricity usage. I'd wildly estimate that maybe only .2 kWh would actually be saved since kerosene etc. would still need to be refined.
It's actually possible, that if a carbon tax was imposed, then refineries would use more grid electricity sourced from wind/solar/nuclear/hydro as a cost saving measure rather than burn fossil fuels.
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_capfuel_dcu_nus_a.htm
and here:
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_refp2_dc_nus_mbbl_a.htm
Which suggest 46,860 million kilowatt hours of grid electricity used.
577,245 thousand barrels of motor gasoline produced.
Which works out to 2kWh per gallon (but ignores the fact that lots of other non-gasoline products are produced as part of the same process).
I've seen estimates where if it was 4kW per gallon, then EVs are kind of breaking even and there would be no increase in electricity usage. I'd wildly estimate that maybe only .2 kWh would actually be saved since kerosene etc. would still need to be refined.
It's actually possible, that if a carbon tax was imposed, then refineries would use more grid electricity sourced from wind/solar/nuclear/hydro as a cost saving measure rather than burn fossil fuels.