> The buyer can’t get a loan for more than the house is appraised for.
The buyer in most cases (there are exceptions) probably can't get a loan with a LTV ratio higher than some number less than or equal to 1 times the appraisal value (.8 typically for a conventional, first mortgage alone), but can generally put as much of their own money into a purchase as they want.
Outside of a very few areas of the country. There is more than enough housing inventory for people not to pay over the appraised value of the house. Most people are smart enough not to be upside down on their home the day they move in.
If you have good credit you can still get 100% LTV loans. Heck you only have to have a 600 credit score and not have had a foreclosure in 3 years to get a government back FHA loan with 3.5% down.
There are plenty of people who did “strategic defaults” on multiple properties after 2008, rented for three years and got an FHA loan for a new mortgage (ask me how I know).
The buyer in most cases (there are exceptions) probably can't get a loan with a LTV ratio higher than some number less than or equal to 1 times the appraisal value (.8 typically for a conventional, first mortgage alone), but can generally put as much of their own money into a purchase as they want.