Border Gateway Protocol is just one routing protocol, calling it "the fundamental protocol" is stretching a point. That award probably goes to TCP. Maybe IPv4.
The ability to do this is effectively what enables DNS traffic amplification attacks (and others).
Trust has been broadly effective, but also quite damaging at times. It's part of why I'm glad https is nigh universal - http's trust allowed stuff like Firesheep and all the hotel shit-injection that used to be so prevalent.