Language has basic string type (character array, really) and basic file access. People would use NetCDF or HDF libraries for reading and writing big numeric datasets. Algorithms, people would write their own when needed. For linear algebra, BLAS, LAPACK and (sometimes Intel MKL) is de facto standard, it's just not called a standard library.
It's probably worth pointing out that LAPACK/BLAS is a strictly Fortran77 interface, which isn't ideal. Unfortunately there's no de facto standard modern interface available.
Language has basic string type (character array, really) and basic file access. People would use NetCDF or HDF libraries for reading and writing big numeric datasets. Algorithms, people would write their own when needed. For linear algebra, BLAS, LAPACK and (sometimes Intel MKL) is de facto standard, it's just not called a standard library.