Nope, it's your bosses' call, 100%. Businesses are dictatorships. What you describe is your read of what you might think your boss will do, but if it is in their interest to keep you, they will keep you, even if your "peers" are hurt and offended. OTOH, if the people you've offended are more important than you, then maybe your job is at risk. But it's at risk anyway in that case.
People think "calling HR" is some kind of loaded weapon, but the fact is there are harrassers and all sorts of losers who get called to HR over and over and keep their jobs. HR exists for one reason: protect the management. If you're expendable and easy to fire, then _maybe_ they'll can you, but if you're actually a decent employee they definitely won't if all we're talking about is a brush fire on Slack.
