Cyclist here. Sibling comments are suggesting to wear shorts with pockets. That's a big nope for me; anything there will be an annoyance at best, or worse, cause chafing.
Cycling jerseys have pockets in back on the waist, which aren't annoying and, bonus, are accessible while pedaling. Another alternative is a fanny pack -- as long as you don't overload it, it can be quite convenient
Former cyclist. I used an old leather business card case to keep ID, a credit card, and some cash in one of my back jersey pockets. These days I'd look at some of the small aluminum cases that are for a similar purpose. My only cycling shorts that had pockets were for casual mountain biking.
Cycling jerseys have pockets in back on the waist, which aren't annoying and, bonus, are accessible while pedaling. Another alternative is a fanny pack -- as long as you don't overload it, it can be quite convenient