Aren't you also listing all the non Qt libs here ? X11, libinput, pulse audio, dbus, gstreamer, OpenSSL... e.g. here on linux for a static build of Qt (which links against both X11 and wayland platform plug-ins, and uses an embedded libpng, harfbuzz, freetype, etc...) a QWidget hello world comes out at 14 megabytes.
> It's like comparing Java application without taking JVM into account.
no, it's not. The "equivalent" of the JVM would be the libQt5{Core,Gui,Widgets...}.so ; but here we are talking about the operating-system-provided libraries, so it is like comparing with a Java application, with the JVM, and also for instance all the MS Windows system libraries, or all the macOS frameworks like CoreFoundation, etc etc.
OK, so in this context the app is X MB. If all distros link those libs with libre cote and ui, for all intents and purposes, it takes X MB. If some dont, then lets discuss it (but if you can link to gstreamer and openssl to build a hello world, the issue is not entirely on the distro shoulders)