With something as fuzzy as "happiness" there can be many scales.
This is one of the beefs that I have with the "love your job" culture. People reduce job satisfaction to a single line, where you either love it, hate it, or something in between.
I like to think of job satisfaction across many dimensions. Maybe you love your team, but commute is killing you. Projects are interesting, but salary could be higher. To make it more complicated, there dimensions and yourself change over time: projects start and end, colleagues join and leave, you might get raises or promotions.
Rating things in a simple happy/unhappy, love/hate scale is rarely useful.
I think it's simpler than this. Happiness is an emotion which is an acute phenomenon. It is impossible to sustain just like anger or surprise.
Satisfaction is what I think most people mean by "happiness." And when you start thinking of it that way there are very actionable things you can do to improve this directly.
I definitely think that it's relative, or as in Vanilla Sky "The sweet just ain't as sweet without the sour". I consciously recognize (and even appreciate?) the bad times because the best times in my life depend on comparing them to the rougher periods. It's the exceptions that make me most joyful, not some constant state of happy.
Sure, but I mean it literally. For things like this there is a lot of conflation of words like happy, joy, satisfied, etc. But the natural state of the brain is neutral, so it can react when needed.
To create an emotion the brain alters brain chemistry as a way to send signals which we interpret as emotions.
It would be problematic if they could just be switched on without turning off.
I think this is basically similar to the ideas of Stoicism.
Happiness itself is fleeting, it will come and go, you can't really aim for it, we are awful predictors of it and as you state it's an emotion so it comes an goes.
However we can strive to achieve a certain comfort, or tranquillity from knowing that we did our best, that we did what we could and what we should and gain a certain satisfaction from that.
That is much more rounded, it's more achievable and stops you from being at whim to the randomness of the world and your own moods.
This seems to fit in with my idea of general happiness, and actively enjoying oneself.
Playing only video games, I can enjoy myself but my general happiness often suffers from lack of variety.
Sometimes, when I'm working on something hard, I might not be particularly enjoying myself, but I can be overall happier while being given a challenge.
You're saying happiness and unhappiness exist on independent scales, should we plot them in an x-y graph then? Upper right quadrant: overexcitement, lower left quadrant: boredom. Not sure about the off-diagonals.
One axis is "negative mood" and the other is "positive mood", so it's closer to something like despair on on one end of one axis, and joy on the end of the other axis, and lack thereof on both ends of each axes.
So high negative emotion and low positive emotion is something like sadness or something; high negative emotion and high positive emotion might be like anxiety.
There's arguments about which model is right (another is negative versus positive mood on one axis [i.e., valence], and arousal versus lack of arousal on the other axis).
The issue is that depending on time frame, or what you're assessing, people can feel positive and negative emotion at the same time. But on micro timescales I think there's more arguments. It might just be a sort of descriptive thing without any "correct" answer.
When you ask people to rate their mood, you find two clusters of responses, roughly corresponding to negative and positive mood axes, but they're slightly negatively correlated, suggesting one overarching valence dimension, but not as dominant as you might intuit.
High happiness and high unhappiness is how I would describe parenthood. On the one side your whole life is a chore and feels like a grind. On the other hand your kids give bring you so much happiness you seems to smile/laugh more often.
I rarely (if ever) comment on my mental health online, but I can totally relate to a X-Y quadrant as you describe. Many mental health professional debut their appointment with a dreaded question "how are you feeling today?".
If I had this diagram with me, it would save time and be way more descriptive of my state of mind.
As for the high unhappiness/high unhappiness quadrant: I'm not manic myself but know close ones who are. I think it fits.
Manic is not that, at least not bipolar manic. Manic is energized. Manic is go go go go goooooo! Manic is I don't care about your stupid happiness thing, let's do stuff!
Manic is kinda weird. The above makes it sound almost good, or kind of good. It is not. It is very dangerous. You do not want to be manic. (But you might, maybe, some of the time, want to be hypomanic.)
(Disclaimer: I have had contact with mania in my life but have never personally experienced a Bipolar I manic episode and I aim to keep it that way.)
For many feelings, the linear measure is often ineffective, we can grant that to the author to highlight this fact.
In my experience (read: not a specialist, anecdotal data point), I relate to the 2-scale described here and more: the lack.
Typically, the lack of [feeling] or its opposite is as much a sign as its abundance.
To exemplify, being (un)happy is what one might call a positive action: you DO feel (un)happy. In that sense, not feeling any hapiness or unhappiness is putting yourself in an emotional void, which calls for action in a much different way that treating happiness VS unhappiness.
---
Edit: to conclude:
Hence, the scale I'd like to propose is, for some definition of happiness and probably many other feelings:
* measure of lack, presence, abundance of effective emotions
For one Facebook owns most of the data. At soe point they tried testing some psychological hypothesis but everyone thought it was unethical. I haven't read this article but if you need a pointer https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/every...
Interesting take, but still boils down to the same: satisfaction = happiness - unhappiness.
What's more interesting to me is how it seems that "satisfaction" is equal to the first derivative of life quality - if your life quality sucks, and gets a little better, you feel satisfied; if your life quality rocks, and gets a little worse, you feel dissatisfied.
And yet I’ve found I’m willing to settle for being content for long periods even if it rarely rises to the level of actual happiness. Content is an under-appreciated state of being.
Oh, you can experience both immense moments of joy in times of tragedy, and vice versa. Your child gets born during intense warfighting. You find your dog (which you thought had perished) again after a hurricane that devastated your home. Your partner dies during a phase of extraordinary success.
This is one of the beefs that I have with the "love your job" culture. People reduce job satisfaction to a single line, where you either love it, hate it, or something in between.
I like to think of job satisfaction across many dimensions. Maybe you love your team, but commute is killing you. Projects are interesting, but salary could be higher. To make it more complicated, there dimensions and yourself change over time: projects start and end, colleagues join and leave, you might get raises or promotions.
Rating things in a simple happy/unhappy, love/hate scale is rarely useful.