The ease of feeding it into something like an orchestra varies depending on the granularity of your input. Moon phase for example can be divided into four weekly states which can be rehearsed prior to the event, whereas ambient humidity for example might change much more.

The only thing that comes to my mind as prior art would be the Tierkreis by Karlheinz Stockhausen, which has a variable order of composite parts depending on the time of year. I'm sure that's the world of music you could look towards to find further inspiration.

Please share any results you come up with here, it sounds very interesting indeed!