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The US has always had rare earth mines, but competition from low cost producers in China makes them economically unviable (and the US is market based, among other things). There is plenty of supply in developed countries, but being undercut by other producers require government subsidies or a more closed market to be viable.

If China refuses to export this stuff themselves, it actually makes these mines more economically viable. However, if they export the end products, they could still have problems.




Yeah China purposefully undermined the competition through state funding in order to control the market.


I doubt it was that, I think China's lack of environmental rule enforcement led to a condition that allowed for lower cost producers, the state didn't intend on controlling this market (or maybe some combination of that, but refusing to export in the future means they won't control the market anymore).


No, it's pretty clear that this was a top down effort to control the global market, a concerted effort by the state.

https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-merges-three-rare-...


No, not at all. It is clear to you because you aren't looking at the entire history. But to anyone who has been in China for awhile, it is obvious that it happened overtime and wasn't intended. You are assuming China is an authoritarian country where state control is absolute, but in reality, China is a huge country where there are lots people making even if that means destroying the environment while the government isn't paying attention.


There are articles about this going back 20 years to the early 2000s I'm not just coming up with this thesis. It's been apparent for a long time. They had a natural advantage to begin with but they went much further.


Here is an actual concrete article you can read (vs. the ones you say exist that support your thesis): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_industry_in_China.

> In 2002, China's central government pushed forward restructuring of the domestic rare earth industry by creating two state-owned groups China Northern Rare Earth Group Company and China Southern Rare Earth Group Company.[14] This largely failed due to opposition from powerful local authorities and local producers.[14] Fierce competition in the local sector produced low profitability and inefficiency. This drove producers to consolidate and merge into larger companies for survival.[14] Market forces thus accomplished what central planning could not.

> As rare earth prices went up because of the restriction of export, many illegal mines were developed by organized criminals to benefit from the trade.[15] The smuggling by organized criminal groups is harmful to China's rare earth industry as it depletes resources rapidly, deflates prices and causes supply problems for local producers.[16] It is estimated a third of exports or 20 000 tonnes in 2008 were illegally exported from China.[16]

Now, if China had a central government controlled conspiracy to dominate rare earth elements over the last 20 years, the history between 2002 and 2008 wouldn't have turned out like that. What they have right now is a mess.


Look I understand countries are complicated and there are a lot of interests however I think that the Chinese government is totally capable of acting in a centralized way on a fixed target like mining (vs. something like semiconductors) when it believes it is a core national interest.


> however I think that the Chinese government is totally capable of acting in a centralized way on a fixed target like mining

Spend a couple weeks in China's hinterland and I'm sure that your opinion would change very quickly. There are good reasons semiconductors are concentrated in Beijing/Shanghai, but anything mining or natural resource related are going to be messy because China is a huge country and local government interests are often at odds with central government interests.


Yea people literally treat China as a hivemind. The same goes for other countries too. It's absolutely bizarre and often some sort of weird US centric mindset.

Part of it I even blame on US media, somehow, whenever there's something to discuss about in another country, even if it's some research breakthrough by a single individual presenting his work at a elementary school instead its "COUNTRY X CURES CANCER"


Are you saying the US is more centrally controlled than China? It seems that way but I don’t think that holds up.

The US states convened and created a constitution which granted a few explicit powers to the federal government and left everything else to the states. These rules cannot be changed by the federal government- only the states.

Whereas in China, a single party wrote the constitution, which enshrines power in themselves, and can be changed by this party whenever they want.


It isn't so different in how China thinks about the USA, even more so since our stark political divide is not familiar concept to many Chinese.


China does have an authoritarian government. And they literally own all the land. You can’t just extract rare earth metals from China without the CCPs blessing.


It is _that_ for steel. I don’t know about rare earth materials but it wouldn’t be a surprise.




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