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I applied to 250 jobs and timed how long each one took (careerfair.io)
268 points by shsachdev on Oct 3, 2023 | hide | past | favorite | 213 comments
Hey HN - I timed how long it took me to go through the application process of 250 jobs. Some of my key findings:

- On average, it took a bit over two and a half minutes (162 seconds) to apply to a job.

- If company size doubles, the application time increases by 5%. If company size increases by a factor of 10, then the app time increases by 20%.

- Being a government company is the single largest determinant of a long application, followed closely by aerospace and consulting firms.

- The longest application time went to the United States Postal Service (10 minutes and 12 seconds).

- On the other hand, It took me just 17 seconds to apply to Renaissance Technologies.

- Older ATS like Workday and Taleo make job applications as much as 128% longer.



I appreciate this guy taking the time to test this stuff out, but... 2.5 minutes per application seems really reasonable and short? Even the Post Office application that took 10 minutes seems fine. I get that you might have to apply to a lot of different jobs, but at that rate in 2-3 hours of focused work, you could apply to nearly a hundred different jobs.

The fact that it's that easy to apply belies the tone the article takes, which generally bemoans how hard job applications are. But they didn't demonstrate that it's hard at all! Moreover, the author even says in the beginning that they didn't use any of the products that help you, like LinkedIn Easy Apply.

Anyway seems interesting but this mostly just confirmed my perception that applying to jobs is pretty easy. Interviews, on the other hand...


When I apply for a job it takes me at least an hour if not more. I adopt my resumé, write the motivation letter. If I spend less then 15 minutes it means I'm doing it as a requirement from the social benefits agency, for a job that I don't want.


> I adopt my resumé, write the motivation letter.

Only to find out that the other side didn't read that letter, and most didn't read the resume.

I know, because I asked.


Funny story. When I was going the coop workshops in uni they invited in some people from microsoft to talk about what they look for in a cover letter and they straight up said they don't read them.


That's good to hear because I stopped writing them because I started to feel like it discouraged companies from looking further.

I believe people in the hiring process are looking to work efficiently and a cover letter is just more stuff to read. They want to just read your resume because that's what will get passed around and what matters. Anything in your cover letter is mostly things they want to know in the interview.


This thread is interesting to me because I was told by my manager that my cover letter was a big reason they decided to interview me for my current job. Granted this was nearly 5 years ago, so things may have (read: have definitely) changed on the hiring front since then.


The actual application step might take that long, assuming you have all your supporting documents ready. The trouble is you often need to adapt your CV to the job & write a cover letter at a minimum. Depending how much you care about the job, this might include studying the job description carefully, reading the company website, and maybe even contacting the company to request more information. Then proof-reading and editing everything. It probably takes me at least an hour for most jobs, even if the actual submission of files only took 1 minute in the end.


2.5 is fine, but 10 feels incredibly long when half the time companies don't even both emailing back a rejection. Gives the thought "since they probably won't even see it, why don't I skip the 10 and apply to 4 2.5s?".


I also don't think 2.5 minutes is unreasonably long or much of a barrier. After spending an hour looking for relevant postings at companies I'm interested in, another few minutes to actually apply is not a big deal.

What is truly annoying though is creating new accounts for each company's application portal.


2.5 is extremely long if you just filled out the exact same information 2.5 minutes ago and 2.5 minutes before that and…


This doesn’t seem to account for finding meaningful opportunities, and in my experience, that has been the more time consuming aspect of the process.


> 2.5 minutes per application seems really reasonable and short?

That's what I thought as well. I suppose 2.5 minutes feels incredibly long if you're spending your day watching 10 second reels on TikTok and Instagram.


it's long if you don't have the connections to get a job through your network and need to sort of spray and pray to even get to a recruiter screen


Something you don't want to learn post-graduation: if you don't have the connections to get a job, you simply don't have a prayer.


i've been hired through online applications. current gig, actually.

but of all of my jobs, to include bartending and FedGov, that's the only one. the rest came through personal contacts.

i guess the military applies, but that's not really the same thing.


Oh goodness, someone else who shares my irrational antipathy for Workday!

Workday is such junk from a user facing perspective. It’s a huge pain to index content from. I have to omit a bunch of big semiconductor companies from my job site because it’s fucking impossible to get job data out of Workday.

If you work in talent at either NXP or Qualcomm, please God read this essay. You are actively harming your own recruiting prospects by using Workday!

I don’t have this problem at all with the more modern ATS’es - Lever, Greenhouse, and Workable all provide nice, easy to consume APIs for this.


Workday is weird. It's a chore to apply but things like simplify jobs browser addon makes ituch better. That being said I have more luck getting a response from a workday application than greenhouse or lever. Maybe the harder pathway discourages spam applications


I've gone through several workday apps in the last few days and found them all to be easy.


It's easy but just mind numbing


Which add-on is that? Do you happen to have a link?


https://simplify.jobs/

This is the site I mentioned. They provide an addon for auto filling workday applications


Thank you!


Running a scraping aggregator and being an end user are not the same thing.


Workday is not great for applicants either. Maybe the back-end is nice?


It's just aa convoluted. I work for Workday. Having to re-enter your data each and every time is part of the enterprise tenant isolation model. There is no information sharing between tenants, especially PII. The UX suffers because of data privacy.


Maybe the back-end is nice?

Lol I’m definitely swiping this next time I throw shade on a website XD


Workday is awful from every angle.


Yea, but companies will keep using it because offloading all HRMS to workday (or similar competitors) is cheaper than doing it all in house. (For companies of a sufficient size. Small enough and it's probably not worth it)


I have a friend who does HR & payroll database management for one of the largest health insurers. In the past couple of years, they've switched over to Workday from Peoplesoft. After 25 years with them, it's making my friend want to quit. It's that bad, from the inside too. Apparently, things that were routine in Peoplesoft are difficult in Workday, and things that were merely hard are simply impossible.


Can you elaborate on the problems with Workday?

I hear lots of antipathy about it, but the only problem I've personally noticed is (IIRC) it consistently mis-parses my PDF resume.


One of the biggest issues I've had, and I don't know how workday looks from their end, when it comes to entering in education and specifically degree. My degree says "Software Engineering," which I never see given in a list. So I usually just pick whatever is closest like "Computer Science," and I always wonder if there is a system that does some correlation between what it put in the box and on the resume.


I applied to company using workday recently. The job was a referral and the JD made it explicitly clear I didn’t need a degree. Yet it was a required field.

And of course, it wasn’t a free form text field that would allow me to just enter N/A or my high school. It was a drop-down/search box that had a predefined list of colleges and universities. I ended up just entering some college I attended for two months before dropping out.


I've also seen that too. The no-free-form entry sucks. I went to a pretty big public school, but for some reason it wasn't included in the pre-populated list on one job I was applying to. No clue what the company using it's controls look like, but I even checked over big name public universities to see if they were on the pre-populated list and it was surprising how many were missing. Like UNC (University of North Carolina) wasn't listed.


For me, I refuse to create accounts when applying for jobs. Too much of a pain in the ass.


Yeah, they get what they get from the parser. The good resume is uploaded anyway.


Also, anyone know a way to automate undoing the all-capsing Workday does with resume data? Sometimes the data makes it to the correct field but it might as well not since I need to retype the whole thing anyway.


Hey! My company Simplify built a copilot for job seekers that helps with this. We’re also YC backed!

https://simplify.jobs/copilot


Workday: At Least It's Not Oracle


I overheard a guy at the gym a couple of weeks back saying that he's automated (gpt4) the keyword-optimised CV/cover letter process to the point where he was able to apply to - I'm a bit suspect on this bit, but the generation at least is believable - 75 jobs in an hour and a half.

We've raised the noise floor significantly.

Ps. If you're here mate I hope it worked out for you.


We hire on Freelancer sites quite a bit and have noticed that about 50%-80% of applicants now very obviously use ChatGPT or equivalent to apply. Now suddenly every person magically has 8 years experience in a weird esoteric requirement that we're looking for.

They are currently very easy to spot and the applications go directly into the trash, so the freelancers aren't doing themselves any favors using them.

It is increasing the noise floor a lot though.


> Now suddenly every person magically has 8 years experience in a weird esoteric requirement that we're looking for.

That's crazy to me. Why would someone put ANYTHING on their resume that is not factually correct? That in the end is a disservice to yourself and to your potential employer, not to mention the pressure it puts on job seekers to push the envelope on embellishment.

What I am on the fence about in my own resume is including a skillset that yes I have done but maybe a couple years in the past. Right or wrong I have decided to keep them on their knowing full well that it might create a bit of a challenge for me during the interview process.


> Why would someone put ANYTHING on their resume that is not factually correct?

Tragedy of the commons and negative externalities. If you're applying for a ton of jobs, then lying on your resume comes with potential upsides (you could get a job that you normally wouldn't) with very little personal downside (employers don't really have a way to share which applicants falsified resume data).

Sure, doing this raises the noise level and makes it harder for people who don't lie on their resumes (tragedy of the commons), but from an individual perspective, that's a negative externality that they don't have to care about.


> That's crazy to me. Why would s ...

Because it works... They get the job and the person who wasnt captain of the football, tennis, rowing, lacrose, bowling, sailing, cheerleading, chess and debate teams all at the same time is just some unemployable loser.

The real question is why managers and recruiters fall for it - the obvious answer is that they got where they got by inflating their CV and simply assume everyone does it too.


I really hope your obvious answer is not a widespread truth. Seems like a horribly vicious circle.


idk over-promising and under-delivering is called business isn't it?


Its a bold demonstration that you have the Sigma Grindset needed for success.


owned a mitsubishi sigma once, nice car unless something broke.


> That's crazy to me. Why would someone put ANYTHING on their resume that is not factually correct?

I have dealt with my fair share of resume embellishments. I _will ask_ questions about anything that you put in your resume. Anything at all. It's fair game. That's part of my sanity check. Better have a pretty decent answer as to why something is in the resume relatively recently and you can't even give me an overview of what it was (I assume people forget details and it's fine).

However, have you ever seen 'proxy interviews'? In those cases, it's not just a case of 'embellishments', the candidate interviewing has zero experience and the resume is not even his. Had this experience a few months ago.

People go as far as lip syncing. It's horrendous.


I bet you’re surprised that people lie all the time to women at bars too!


Haha.. wait have we met? :D

It would be a fun experiment to have a few shots, update my resume and then read it the next day.


Haha, unlikely. I just know the feeling.

Another experiment - have a friend update your resume while you take those shots, and then see if you can really object to the results the next day. ;)


.. and women have totally unrealistic criteria, too, just like employers.

The internet has caused mass insanity.


It’s definitely helped spread it. But honestly, these situations are nothing new. Back in the dot-com crash I remember it all being the same. Even entry level school computer labs were requiring CS PhD’s! And women, well, same.


Er, we had the internet during the dot-com crash. And before it, even.

As I recall, things were not quite so bad in the 1980s. I vaguely recall seeing the odd newspaper article about the intense interest in a job, because it attracted maybe 500 applications. That was newsworthy.


It used to be you had to physically show up, or mail in a form to apply. That tends to put the brakes on mass applications pretty effectively.

It’s less the internet, and more folks using the internet/apps for processes that used to require in person physical presence. Which has been getting more and more common.


I think it depends a bit on where you are in life.

I remember exaggerating a bit when applying for my first job. I was fresh out of university and really needed that job. I spent the following 2 years miserable, I just didn't fit in that well.

Nowadays I'm brutally honest with my application and the following interviews. I see it as me choosing where to work rather than the other way around. If they pick my application then I more or less know that I will fit in rather well. It has served me well over the years.

I can understand people being desperate and in need of that first job or having to start over due to different reasons though...


> I can understand people being desperate and in need of that first job

Desperate people do desperate and unpredictable things though. Case in point:

> I remember exaggerating a bit when applying for my first job. [...] I spent the following 2 years miserable, I just didn't fit in that well.

Every now and then I have to investigate employees who seem to spontaneously lose their shit-- aside from one with an alcoholic spouse, so far every single one of them were just in over their head. They don't return calls, cozy up to security and ask questions about monitoring tools, check into mental hospitals, suddenly have internet connection issues all the time, lose or destroy their equipment repeatedly, etc. One would hop onto the IT support Slack channel and see what widespread issue was currently impacting others, then claim it was happening to her (and do the same with general/social, to see when people were getting sick and with what).

I wouldn't say it rises to the level of malingering, but it's clear they're desperately stalling, and it just creates a vortex that sucks them and everyone around them into. Contractual obligations stop being met because they become an entire sideshow and won't surrender. My fear is that one might eventually resort to sabotage; the closest we've come was a nonperformer trying to leverage workplace violence allegations against an executive.

> Nowadays I'm brutally honest with my application and the following interviews.

This is the way to do it. When you weave a web of lies, you have to maintain all those threads. Pathological liars are always anxious. Honesty makes for a much easier life.


> Why would someone put ANYTHING on their resume that is not factually correct?

If their current income is $0 and the income from a successful ruse is minimum several weeks of several thousands of dollars, and the cost per throw is around a dime…

It’s not hard to see how the algebra works out.


you need algebra to figure that out?


Algebra that you can do in your head is still algebra.


I mean, big corpos for years have been automating the hiring process to the detriment of their own results. Is it really that surprising applicants are ready to do the same? Now suddenly automation is bad? Hiring managers being butt-hurt that their automated factory farm application process is being inundated with spam generated by other automation is so hilarious to me, this just made my day.

You get what you fuckin deserve. If you can't be arsed to review applications with people, why should people be arsed to apply in person?


It isn't the use of automation that is the problem. It's that in the automated applications we're receiving, there is very obviously fraudulent information in there. The applicants are LYING about their experience, in order to match the job specification.

ChatGPT just consumes each of the job requirements, and then makes a story about how the applicant has had significant experience in all of those areas. I would prefer not to hire people who lie about their experience to get a job.


> It isn't the use of automation that is the problem. It's that in the automated applications we're receiving, there is very obviously fraudulent information in there. The applicants are LYING about their experience, in order to match the job specification.

Who cares? The specifications half the time include experience that's impossible to achieve because the people writing them either are also in turn using automated software and/or because they have no idea what they're hiring for.


... just like in dating!


I wasn't making a value judgement, for what it's worth. I'm not sure the commenter that you're replying to was either.


Suppose you could have some fun putting made up technology honeypots in there to weed them out.


I once applied to a job that had recommended experience in applied sitting algorithms. I asked the recruiter WTF sitting algorithms are and she told me it was just a test, and it's surprising how many candidates will say that they've studied sitting algorithms. It works!


That's a great idea, we will do that.


Okay, but I have a resume that is a good fit for a lot of different roles but isn't seen by any human ever because it doesn't include the specific combination of keywords mentioned in the job posting.

I am in the process right now of embedding keywords and a "shadow resume" invisibly in my resume to get past the stupid filtering software.

Employers are doing this to themselves.


Sure, tailoring your resume for a specific job is pretty standard. Perhaps an LLM that has access to your resume, along with loads of documentation on what you have previously done would provide for a much better automation process.

It could read the job spec, then tailor your application with information that is actually true. Starting off with a company with information that is false is not a great way to start a (hopefully) long relationship.

FWIW, we review every application we receive on the freelancer sites and do not use automated filters.


I sometimes think requiring people to telephone and navigate a voice system to get an application ID before they can apply might help.

Tiny barriers can have disproportionate effects.


have you thought of adding a trap that a LLM might trip on but a human wouldn't.


The problem is not the LLM, the lies are the problem.

I don't think an employer would mind a résumé that is factually correct, but edited by a LLM. In the style of "here is my résumé, emphasize the items that match this job offer, and also, fix my grammar and spelling".

Here, the candidates are using a LLM to invent experience that matches the job offer, making a fake résumé. A human doing it doesn't make it better.


What are the most common freelancing sites you use for job postings?


Freelancer.com and Upwork. Although after the torrent of AI powered garbage we received after our latest posting on Freelancer, I'm not sure we will use that again.


Thank you. I have side question for you. Sorry, all this thread coincides with another thread about LinkedIn and me getting banned without knowing why (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37748263). As a job recruiter looking for freelancers, do you expect to find the person on LinkedIn as part of the fact checking process? Would you seriously consider alternating sites such as a person’s website or GitHub and would you find the person a suspect if their LinkedIn profile does not exist ?


Sorry to hear about your Linkedin profile. Yes, we do look at Linkedin profiles for shortlisted candidates. It helps to establish credibility and for us to get an idea of whether the claimed previous experience is legitimate.

We do also ask for Github, but many folks use other repositories. Linkedin is one of the best sources of credibility for us, so I would recommend continuing to try to get it unbanned, or start a new one.


I think there's a dynamic where:

- Desirable job applicants get hired quickly, but people who can't get hired stay on the market

- People who can't get hired will keep applying to more and more jobs

- So every new job opening gets flooded with applications from people who couldn't get hired elsewhere

- Employers don't have time to read the flood of applications in detail, so they rely on cheap filters (keywords on resume, where they went to college, did they work at FANG, etc.)

- Which makes the process worse for everyone

What if there was some way to limit job seekers to e.g. 10 job applications per month, industrywide? Feels like that could cut down the noise and allow employers to consider each individual applicant more carefully.

(It would be hard to implement this limit, though. You could do it via data-sharing between Greenhouse, Lever, Workday, etc., but there are huge privacy concerns and it would run into the same sorts of issues as credit reports do.)


> What if there was some way to limit job seekers to e.g. 10 job applications per month, industrywide? Feels like that could cut down the noise and allow employers to consider each individual applicant more carefully.

Beyond the actual difficulty in doing this without a completely centralized hiring process, this feels incredibly immoral. People have families to feed.


> People have families to feed.

People would submit fewer applications, but each individual application would have a higher chance of success, because everyone else would _also_ be submitting fewer applications. The number of job openings is the same either way, so the same number of people get hired in the end, right?


I don't know? I'm mostly arguing against the industry-wide comment, and thinking from the perspective of someone who has been laid off.

I think individual companies should do whatever they want (within legal bounds), but such a big overhaul just seems ripe to screw people over.


repeat of my comment above: -

I sometimes think requiring people to telephone and navigate a voice system to get an application ID before they can apply might help.

Tiny barriers can have disproportionate effects.


This, and a few more dynamics, including:

- The better applicants usually have several warm leads and often don't bother with high-effort application processes, since they have a pretty decent chance of getting hired wherever they apply, and they're also not bothering to apply for things they're wildly unqualified for

- The worse and more desperate applicants have the time and motivation to stick through the most bizarre and convoluted application process until they get kicked out, with no regard to how well they actually match the requirements

So thus, the more hoops you put into your process to try and stem the tide of the hoards of desperate unqualified applicants, the more you disproportionately screen out the highly qualified applicants who have better things to do and better opportunities to pursue.


> So thus, the more hoops you put into your process to try and stem the tide of the hoards of desperate unqualified applicants, the more you disproportionately screen out the highly qualified applicants who have better things to do and better opportunities to pursue.

Exactly. Asking me to upload a resume, and then data entry all the facts from my resume into form fields, just so that a company can not even reject me, basically tells me that I will be expendable drone #88238875 if I get a job there.

I feel a little bad that sometimes the recruiter probably fills the form out for me if their process requires is, but at least they actually intend to follow up on me as a lead.


The shortcut around this problem is for companies to rely on networking/recommendations rather than a large net, but that comes with its own downsides.


A video came across my feed recently talking about this in tech. Was talking about how the advice for getting into tech that worked really well 1+ years ago isn't as effective today. Basically, the idea was that tech was hiring so voraciously, that they couldn't keep up with hiring by relying on networking bringing in enough candidates, so they needed a lot more recruiting efforts to fill the pipeline. This meant, that just grinding leet code and applying was enough to significantly increase the odds of getting hired. Basically the proportion of random application hires to referral hires was high. Today, not so much. I'd expect to need to jump though a lot more hoops today (not that leet code studying isn't it's own major hoop) to get hired. And of course, this proportion will shift again with the next major tech hiring boom.


This is also how 80% of companies can believe they’re hiring mostly top-1% programmers.

No, you’re hiring top-1% of applicants, not top-1% of employees!


All companies share a common pool of bottom 99% applicants.


> If you're here mate I hope it worked out for you

I hope it didn’t, contaminating the applications like this and automating it will only hurt the ones who’s applying, because now authentic resumes and legit knowledge will be overlooked by other fake auto generated resumes. This try hard wannabe attitude is always going to ruin the experience for everyone else, either in jobs, blog writings, dating, gaming, and basically everywhere.


Yeah. With the genie being as far out of the bottle as it is though, I opted for empathy for the unemployed guy in this case.

I can see your point, absolutely, and the new normal is unfortunate and probably unsustainable.

Careers boards are just another early battleground where we're at a bit of a wait and see moment as for how we're going to deal with all of this cheap, coherent noise.


People aren't as smart as they think.

I also automate part of the process, and I think everyone should be or soon will be, but having received many CVS/cover letters as well, the ones with too much LLM are glaringly obvious and an easy rejection.

These days with companies receiving hundreds of CVs, you only need 1 reason to reject an application. Don't make your application so LLMy that you give the hiring manager an easy reason


Probs took less than 17 seconds to be rejected by rentech too lol


Rentech wouldn't be fulfilling their brand promise if they didn't have an SLA to reject 90% of job seekers in less than 17 milliseconds.

There was that time I was at a conference put on by Sun Microsystems in NYC and asked a question about main memory databases which got me jumped on by somebody from rentech. If I knew to the extent which hell was about to break loose at that job I was working at then, I should have applied for a job at rentech.


Everything about the Workday UX is an absolute freaking dumpster fire.

Just as an example, but one that trips me up a lot, every action seems to be controlled by an orange button (Submit?) way down in the lower right corner of your browser, even if the information you're working on is way up in the upper right corner.


Two and a half minutes to apply to a job doesn't seem like a lot of time at all. Do people really think that's too much time?


The answer to that depends entirely on the success rate.

Over 11 years in the workforce, my success rate with applying to ATS-like platforms on company websites is 0%. And even just getting a rejection is in the neighborhood of 5-10%.

So with those numbers do you still think 2.5 minutes is a lot of time? 2.5x500 applications is ~21 hours of applying to jobs.

With recruiters on LinkedIn, my success rate is roughly 80% to 1st interview, 60% to second and 20% to getting an offer.


I've reached out to recruiters on LinkedIn, but maybe I'm not an easy candidate, because they never seem to do much for me. Do I need to do something specific or hit up the right recruiter?


Just for clarity, I have not reached out to any recruiters.

My success rate was entirely for recruiters that reached out to me first.

(I also paid $400 for an HR consultant to update my resume and LinkedIn profile as a one-time fee, so maybe that helped, but I didn't really A/B test it before and after)


You have to keep rotating them. If they do not happen to have something that matches their current clients they basically dont help you but string you along.


If a person only spends that much time applying, it's likely those applications are going in the trash, unless they have highly relevant signals. I change my resume for every company I apply, which is likely not happening.


you generally apply to several jobs across several companies even with referral.

based on my experience its > 5 mins most of the time.


That still doesn't seem like very much time to me. Job hunting involves hours and hours of interviews; five minutes of paperwork is negligible by comparison, right? Are people mass-spamming applications or something?


"Are people mass-spamming applications or something?"

since the dawn of time (1970, jan1)


Well, in 1970 you could only do about 10 a day, because you needed to type a cover letter with the hiring manager's name in it. Job search (newspaper "help wanted" ads), envelope stuffing, trips to the post office and so on took time too.

Photocopies were low quality and looked obvious and got you into the trash straight away.

So mass, but compared to population not very mass.

The real start date was Eternal September.


If I was getting hours and hours of interviews, an hour of paperwork would be trivial.

When 2/3 companies don't even bother sending a rejection email, I tend to not bother doing the 20 minute job applications.


When you see a job and it says '3000 applicants so far' or something, this is why


I've applied to 150 jobs since June 1 with these results:

- 2 did not progress past recruiter phone call

- 2 full loops (startup w/ no offer, tech company w/ offer)

- 1 did not progress past tech screen (skills mismatch)

5 opportunities out of 150 apps over 4 months. Not awesome, no?


2.5 minutes seems short for every application but it's literally mindlessly re-entering information that's literally already on your resume. It's definitely the frustration more than the time IMO...

PSA: I built a browser extension that autofills your job application so you don't have to manually re-type your resume on every job -> https://simplify.jobs/copilot (we're also YC backed!)


I have found that tailoring my resume to a specific job listing increased my response time significantly. I've seen so many articles about people answering 50+ job ads and getting no response.


What kind of tailoring do you do?


Not the OP but generally you want to re-write your prior job history or anything in your resume to align with and highlight anything in their job description. Match the keywords to make it clear you're the perfect candidate.


I re-write all of my job descriptions. Usually because I touch so many different technologies, libraries, etc in each job, I can't put them all there. I try to tailor it toward the job description.


Will you follow up with stats and analysis on response rate and further steps in the application/evaluation process? I'd be interested in that.


Very likely going to be zero. The only way I can get a chance at a phone screen is to spend at least an hour crafting my resume and cover letter for each position.


Can you describe in more detail what this actually means? I can't imagine what I would spend an hour doing to my resume that would somehow make it more attractive to a specific employer without outright lying.


I’m not sure how accurate it is, but I started to play with jobscan to test my resume against ATS scanning. It was getting knocked for not having uselessly vague keywords like “business solutions” in the resume when they were in the job app, or not listing every single data format I’ve worked with. So now, I’ve just started keyword dumping my resume with everything in a job listing even though it feels stupid.

I doubt it matters much though. Even when I get passed the initial resume screen these days, it’s usually followed up with a “we’ve decided to pursue someone else” from the recruiter/hiring manager/etc. before I can even get to an interview. And that’s for jobs where my resume seems a perfect fit.


Hey, I've actually been wondering about this the last few days given linkedin shows high numbers of applicants for recently posted jobs. I have one main question - are you submitting multi-page resumes? I've been wondering if I should basically be submitting a CV for cold applications with a focus on resume scanning, and have a 1 page resume that I can send when communicating with real people


I try to keep my resume to one page, it’s just old advice I love heard since I was a kid. I’m not sure if it’s still good advice though, I’ve seen suggestions that it’s a hold over from before online ATS systems were common.

I also try to keep the formatting simple in hopes that the parser has an easier time. I had a previous resume that had a slightly more complex layout that I thing compiled down to tables, but recently I’ve been using one with a simpler linear/hierarchical format.

I’ve also removed some stuff I used to have on there, such as contributions to open source projects. No one I’ve ever talked to has cared about that stuff, even when the market was easier, but I suspect that’s partly because the OSS stuff I’ve done is in a different domain from my professional career.

Right now, most rejections I get at the ATS stage don’t come till 2-3 weeks after the application.


Your goal is to have enough keywords that the automated tools pass you onto the hiring manager. You can find these in the job description, so make sure all keywords that even somewhat fit are there (don't claim something you don't have! - that might get you an interview but will kill your chance even if otherwise you were fine).

The real goal is when a human reads your resume they decide to call you in for an interview. That human doesn't have time for your whole CV, so even though it might get you to that person, it won't get you an interview: forget about the cold applications to a program, you are just wasting the other person's time if you get past the machine. If you have a job only apply to jobs you have looked into enough to know they are worth accepting an offer if you get one. If you don't have a job you can't be as picky - but you have a lot more time to investigate potential companies and design a resume to get their attention.

So my advice as someone who might read your resume: read the job ad and then modify your resume to make it fit. Don't remove unrelated jobs, but make them a couple lines, while jobs where you did things more inline with what they want get more attention. I only glance at cover letters so I wouldn't recommend you spend much time on them. Note that the above is focused on me - others are different but I can only advise how to get my attention: you get to figure out how/if it generalizes.

Honestly, finding someone worth hiring is hard. I want to know if you can do the job and nothing about the process is very good there.


For starters it means reading the job ad and understanding if you are even a fit for it. You can then take the various keywords in the job description and make sure those are the ones you use and not some variant that HR won't realizes is the same thing. Generally you can tell they are looking for someone to do something in particular so you can add a line or two about doing something like that, while taking away some other line they don't care about. (In the US we use resume not CV, resumes are support to be short: once you have been around for a few years there will be things you can do that just don't fit on the page)

If you are just finishing college [or worse looking for an internship] you will have trouble putting enough on a page to attract attention. Once you have been around for a few years though you should be cutting things - and that means there are things potentially relevant you can put back on.

It also depends on how focused you are. If you are only interested in OpenGL 1.1 jobs you would cut anything not related that and just have a single resume that you don't need to focus. I used openGl 1.1 to make a point: it is obsolete so normally you wouldn't put anything about it on a resume - but there is a small chance you would encounter it as a nice to have in an otherwise interesting job (If the job wants someone who knows Vulkan but is 10% maintaining old products: openGl 1.1 might catch their attention even though you have no Vulkan experience)


Answering as someone who's done a little hiring recently, but for me it's obvious when someone has put some time and effort in to their application via the cover letter. A good application will demonstrate some understanding of what the role is likely to entail, a bit about the company as a whole and a bit of understanding of the wider market the company works in.

Granted this is for a relatively small company in a niche area. Maybe it is different when applying for jobs at big companies.


Meanwhile, as someone who has done some hiring I throw all cover letters in the (mostly virtual, these days) trash. I have never once found them to be a meaningful signal.


Back when I thought companies put any thought into their ads, I'd take each ad, make a list of things the job is looking for, and update my base resume with any relevant experience, making sure that things on the "looking for" list were at the top of their respective category.

I scaled back a bit once I saw how people actually write job descriptions (search Google until they find something "close enough" and post that verbatim).


It's the thought that counts...


Maybe my side project will be accreditive to your process, apologies for the clunky UI - working on it:

https://www.kindbuds.ai/ght/spence


I only apply to companies I really, really want to work for. Might sound a bit kitsch, but I work a lot on my cover letter to show how eager I am to work with them.

Of course it could be luck, but so far I wrote only two applications in my life and got both got accepted + for job offer from both (after interviewing).

When I tell people about my cover letters some say that HR don’t even read cover letters, but I want to believe otherwise :D


I do read them. It’s the easiest way to stand out for candidates. A paragraph about what interests u in this role usually is enough.


Same here. In my experience a cover letter is the fastest way to tell if someone actually cares about the role enough to do a little research and understand what is involved.


Most job application flows are suboptimal, but job seekers need to stop maximizing the number of applications they submit and instead create a few really great applications.

I typically spend two or three hours writing a cover letter and customizing my resume for each job application.


My god.. 3 hours for a cover letter, mind sharing an example of one?


Cover letter and resume. Which is more reasonable. You should be reading the job ad closely to make sure you match that. Then do some research on the company to make sure you understand what they do - often you can think of some other relevant experience that isn't in the ad.

Don't forget that this isn't a hackernews comment. You should take an hour (day is better!) break and then reread and revise everything. Don't send the rough draft or even the second draft in - follow the whole writing process they told you in school. Some people will spot a spelling error at the bottom of the page in one second and reject you, so make sure everything is perfect.


depends on your career level.


I always tell my friends that i apply to 100 jobs, go through interviews with 15 companies, get 5 offers. In my experience as a generalist it's possible to find _something_ interesting about the position once you get an interview, there's no reason to pre-filter self to a very specific tech stack. As long as they pay!


I assume career page quality is related to how important immigrant visas are to staffing, where "unable to find qualified local labor" is a criteria. No idea how to quantify that though.


I remember applying to RenTech and getting a rejection email in 3 hours and let me tell you it was quick.

Most companies I have applied to would probably take a week or more than a week


Some years ago I remember applying to a job at a well known US bank. It got to a series of checklist questions, one of which asked if I had a degree, I checked no, and it kicked me out before I could even finish the application.

Honestly, I wish more applications were like that. Just let me know sooner rather than later what your filters are.


Disney’s rejection for a front end position came a full year after I applied


My record was 2.5 years later for a different company. At that point why bother?


that's insane

I remember applying for a position getting a phone call and then getting rejected afterwards but the funny thing was I got another email from the same company asking about my availability for the interview and I was like Woahh, are you sure you sent the email to the right person because I remember you already rejected me


The candidate(s) they wanted probably rejected their offer.


The only time I reject an application that quickly is if it was completely outside the realm of the job.

At least for programmers, I always cast a wide net unless there is some very specific item that has a very steep learning curve.


They are quick. From applying to getting an offer to getting laid off 1.5 seconds. The lawsuit is taking years


Seems like even though multiple industries were tried these are all for tech positions, right? I wonder how long it would take for non-tech positions. I remember applying online for a minimum wage job at Burger King around 2010 and the application took about 45 minutes. Not only did you need to upload your resume, you need to enter every detail again in a long web form, and then there was a "personality test".

Funny sidenote, my manager told me I was the first application he received that got a perfect score on the personality test. The next best applicant in the queue at the time was 85%. The questions were all things like "If a customer is complaining do you: Smile and listen to their complaint? Or Tell them it's fast food and to deal with it?" or "A customer accidentally included an extra 5 dollar bill when giving you their payment. You could keep this $5 without anyone knowing, do you keep it?" Just all very obvious answers and I don't understand why you wouldn't at least lie.


Yeh; am done with “professional careers”.

De-urbanizing and moving to a more rural location. Will get a job at a grocery store to avoid all the future dead people in office jobs whose toxic positivity psychosis is leading them to believe they’re leaving behind the most important outputs for the future.

Such jobs are not meaningful. They’re just a form of social organization, like religion before us.

Signal attenuation due to generational churn comes with loss of experience and an obligation on the future to re-discover and encode that knowledge. We only propagate the species, social norms are not fractal and immutable; nothing we’re doing is preserved. We’re just jumping through elites hoops for bigger paychecks.

Been there, done that. It gets just as banal and repetitive as everything else. It’s drug addiction, chasing dopamine highs. Physics will end the species and all this effort will be for naught.

Given that there’s little point to being a court jester and dancing for the high court.


Must be nice to have enough money to simply buy a house.


tbf the dynamic range here is pretty big.

there are usually old/unmaintained houses on the edge of nowhere to buy for less than a years rent of a flat in downtown.


In what country? Here in Washington State USA any place that's remotely habitable is either very expensive or gets snatched up immediately.


in the countryside. an hours drive away from the "big city" with 100k population should be good.

you probably have to adjust your sense of "habitable" as well and put in some work.

not saying it's easy or nice


>you probably have to adjust your sense of "habitable" as well and put in some work.

eat bugs and live in pods? that's no way to live


It'll be much more interesting to know how long the "behavior assessment" that you get sent immediately after applying. Having just attended one mind numbing assessment from Citibank, which took more than an hour


my next article is likely about that :)


I remember doing these at Blackrock and JP Morgan. Talk about tedious...


The worst is is you have to enter all your skills in some CV-builder, and select your choices in tons of select boxes.


I skip all those - any company willing to begin a relationship with potential future coworkers by putting them through such a tedious, time-wasting exercise is not a place I would want to work.


I just never do this and it’s never been a problem.


These are some really interesting results that I have felt empirically, but is great to put some data to. One thing this doesn’t take into account is the best practice of tailoring resumes to job descriptions. This is a time-intensive task that does actually improve call back rates. A bit of a self-plug, but I’ve made Resgen[0] to help do this for you.

[0] https://resgen.app


> - The longest application time went to the United States Postal Service (10 minutes and 12 seconds).

My spouse is not in tech but in comms. The quickest I know she's done an application has been O(hours) primarily due to writing cover letters, personalizing resume and often sending in clips.

Having seen that, I find it amusing that we techies (yes me too) get annoyed when we have to provide our Linkedin AND all the information on that page.


Yes . . . I don't think I have spent less than 1 hour on any serious job application I have done. It usually takes multiple hours. My spouse is in Academia, and her job applications take days!


Is how long it takes to submit your generic CV a valuable statistic? Is there a benefit for companies to make it easy for you to apply to them?

I don't think anyone is sitting around going 'We just have no good candidates, if only people could apply in 71 seconds instead of 160, then we'd finally see the applicant quality increase'


>Is how long it takes to submit your generic CV a valuable statistic?

Not at all. If anything, you want people to take their time when applying. In almost every A/B test I've ever run, the more questions I introduce into the application process, the quality of applications increases exponentially, the time to filter applications decreases, and the decrease in the total number of applications was barely noticeable.


I remain confused by the absense of a sizeable reverse headhunter industry.

Headhunters are trying to find a best fit for a company. Why is there no one trying to find a best fit for a candidate? The inherent problem in hiring, on both sides, is search costs.

I'm probably going to be searching for a new job sometime next year. I think that, to avoid the time spent on these appliations, and to ensure a relatively good fit, I'd be willing to pay quite a bit, or to try and align incentives pay a percentage of the pay increase from my current job for a period of time or something like that.

But essentially, it seems like free money on the ground to be able to pay people to solve these search frictions.

I realize headhunters exist on the company side, but it really seems like A) there should be more of that and B) there should be a reciprocal industry representing the applicants.


Companies are both more solvent and pay quicker than your typical job seeker (who is usually unemployed). Basically, less risk.


There used to be many of these, but they became mostly scams that preyed on desperate job seekers. By the time I started job hunting, many years back, this industry was viewed about like nigerian princes. No sensible person would deal with them.

There are career coaches to be found these days, I'm not intending to include them in this rant. I've had a few friends use them, and I've talked to one and he was reasonable.

As an individual, I'd avoid anyone that wants a percentage. Specified fee for helping with resume, linkedin profile, etc., fine.


Isn't that just a recruiter at an independent agency? Reply to LinkedIn messages and even if you don't like the role they have at that time, those people are your headhunters.


I guess this is interesting research, but for me not personally useful.

I've had a lot of jobs in my long career, and I have spent a considerable amount of time researching and applying for the few ones I am interested in. I have a pretty good hit rate.

Do people really apply for hundreds of jobs?


> Do people really apply for hundreds of jobs?

I’ve done it twice. The first time was when I was 18 or 19 trying to get my first job in the industry. I put in a ton of applications, and while it felt tedious, it only took around three months at the end of the day.

The second time was this time. I’ve probably put at least 100 applications in over the past year, and it’s been very hit or miss on whether I get interviews. I don’t bother researching and applying for the few jobs in interested in, because I’m usually not qualified for them. Most of my recent job applications have been exclusively ones that looks like they’re relevant compared to my resume, and some that are different from the work I’ve done in the past, but utilize tangential skills.


Yes, I can see that working early in a career. Now that I think of it, my best friend did exactly that too when he was 19, and he managed to get his foot in the door.

For what it's worth I think your current strategy of applying for relevant jobs is the right one, particularly if it's a difficult market where you are. Tangential skills are also good possibilities. I hope you find something that works for you.


When you are fresh out of college you don't stand out. A few months ago we had 100 applicants for an entry level programming position. Every applicant was finishing their bachelors (a couple in CS, the rest in computer engineering) in June. They all had done some internship (in a not very relevant area but that is expected) and a class project. Almost all of them were Eagle scouts (until recently scouts only allowed boys so this is indirectly an assessment of boy/girl ratio of applicants and thus illegal for me to care about). It was really hard to filter down who to interview because they all look the same and we only had one position. As such spaming your resume is the best bet when fresh from school.

When you have been our of school for a while we get a few resumes with interesting experience that can make a few people stand out. Most probably have standout experience, but it doesn't come out in the resume.


Most people are terrible at writing resumes. We used to joke that we would throw half the resumes in the bin immediately on the grounds that we didn't want to employ unlucky people!

The biggest mistake I see for people with experience is that they describe their role and responsibilities but not what they specifically contributed and why they are awesome.

The best advice I was ever given is that your resume is a marketing document. It should contain things you would like to be asked about in an interview. Cut out everything else.


> It was really hard to filter down who to interview because they all look the same and we only had one position

Did you make up some BS metrics, or did you do the honest thing and draw résumés from a hat?


From my experience, when you have too many similar resumes there are no useful metrics you can define. You just have to choose some to interview and bin the rest.


That's pretty much what I meant by "do the honest thing and draw some from a hat", thanks for the information.


That was my bosses problem. If we have more than 10 résumés he filters them and tells me. He used to be technical so he can filter well enough and I can focus on real work not hiring.


When I was involved in hiring at a major enterprise, our HR recruiting lead advised against reviewing candidates directly from the ATS. The reason? Due to our company's reputation as a top workplace, many applicants indiscriminately applied to every role available. Our HR lead essentially served as a human spam filter.



Why do HR people demand the duplication of efforts including manual entry of the very same information on a resume or LinkedIn profile, two resources that many HR people request. This is abusive, lazy, and easily solvable issue. I don’t bother applying with any company that feels entitled to ware my time.


>This is abusive, lazy, and easily solvable issue

Agree with the first two but not the last point. The types of companies you're referring to are almost always large and not particularly fast moving. Swapping out their archaic applicant tracking system is often a non-starter as it's usually embedded in their HRIS and swapping out a HRIS in a large company is a monster task.


It's not their time or their budget, so it works out to $0 cost on their spreadsheet.


A.I., anyone ?


Ok. Update us on the average time to get a reply from ghosting to months.


Average time to get a reply = infinity.


Nice write up! If anything, this proves that the job application process is a total mess, and of course, when things are chaotic, it opens opportunities to data miners, scammers, and the likes.


Okay and how many of them responded ? What was the success rate? If you are going to document all this work, why not include the success rate? How many called you back?


It's been a decade ago, but I remember the nightmare of using Taleo to apply for a job. I always thought I could write something better in about a week.


Now we just need a resource about which companies will ghost you at some point in the process.

I can take being rejected. Disappearing into the night is so disrespectful.


I love seeing this kind of detailed analysis of everyday things like this. It always seems to reveal intriguing correlations and insights.


I am looking forward for the days when my AI is negotiating with several corporate HR AI wherever I will finally end up. ;)


Would you consider opening the spreadsheet to anyone without requiring them to sign up to your mailing list?


Why would they make the trouble of doing this experiment and posting it to HN then?


Not including things like any custom cover letters, coding take-home, phone screens, resumé tweaks, etc.


Great article. Well done. Have you considered adding an RSS feed for your content?


thanks! I have not but will def consider it


It would be nice to see the expected salary for each role vs application time too.


great now time how many hours HR phone screening, hiring manager phone screening, take home tests, (multiple) all day onsite interviews take if you want to follow through on like 3 employers.


Absolutely love this post. Thank you for your hard efforts. Great!!!


cool...now time how long it takes for a signed contract offer


That is job stacking fo' real!


The tldr seems to be that it's exceptionally quick and easy to apply for jobs, perhaps too quick and too easy, there's essentially no barrier to applying to any and every job advert seen given it apparently takes less than 10 minutes in the "worst" case.


Which makes the overall experience worse for hiring managers and qualified applicants.


And in turn we turn more to automated tools to filter even though we know they are rejecting good people who just didn't write some keyword. In turn applicants are writing worse resumes just to ensure they have the right keywords even if they honestly barely have it (NEVER say you have a keyword you don't have, but if you just barely have it put it on and prepare to explain how little you know if that really is important)


[deleted]


Apply to Procter & Gamble, and as part of the application itself enjoy being put through 1-2 hours of ambiguous personality/morality testing and Mensa-style math, memorization, and logic puzzles! With adaptive difficulty!

It's the most surreal and absurd experience. There are actually prep courses you can pay for just to improve your odds on the P&G testing process just to get someone to actually see your resume. Be warned though: if you don't score sufficiently high for the position you've applied to, you're banned from applying for any job at the company for a year!


Many years ago, I had to complete a long personality inventory AND about 45 minutes of "what would you do"-type scenario simulations to apply for a job at...Kmart!

Then the manager no-showed when I came in for the interview.


Retail applications have gotten lazy recently. I put one in, and they wanted a recorded interview. No one on the other side, I was expected to just awkwardly record myself answering some questions and send it in.


I was asked to do that for a state government job that paid above market, so it's not just retail. It was awkward and I would probably decline to do it again unless for some reason I still really wanted the job.


Is P&G a particularly great employer that justifies such a bizarre job application?


If you want to work in advertising and marketing, yes. If I recall correctly it's reputation in those circles is equivalent to FAANG in tech.


I recall seeing a presentation in school by a young brand manager at P&G where they were talking about their excitement of being in charge of sales and marketing of a particular body wash in the southwest region.


What?, no - not really. Perhaps in fmcg specialty shops you'd get some creds - but as in tech you're primariæy judged on past projects not past x


The worse the job, usually the worse the application process. In my experience anyway.


It’s pretty regionally highly regarded, to the point that my brother-in-law voluntarily resigned to form his own business and people would disbelieve him that he wasn’t fired from P&G (even after knowing that his business is successful). They just assume “no one around here quits P&G so he must have been fired.”


And then, if you're feeling lucky apply to Canonical for a 10 step recruiting fun.


Canonical sent me a 30 question "written interview" which asked all sorts of personal and irrelevant questions as the first step in their interview process. I ghosted them.


are they considered the faang in their domain?




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