My dad was part of the occupation of postwar Germany.
The bases were there to protect Germany against the Soviets.
I remember once on the autobahn around 1970, and a fighter came by hedgehopping at high speed. He was a few feet off the ground, and looked like just under Mach 1. The citizens didn't particularly like the noise and disruption, but they understood the need for the Air Force to train hard.
I also remember touring East Berlin (yes, East Berlin) in 1969. Going through Checkpoint Charlie and seeing the Wall is plenty convincing of the need for the US military being there.
France, on the other hand, didn't much care for the US military bases and wound up pushing them out.
BTW, the US Military was pretty thorough in making sure US personnel and military families behaved like guests in Germany, as they were invited guests.
Ever since the Berlin Airlift, the US was friends with Germany.
The Americanization of Germany came later. I recall visiting a shopping mall in Germany in the 2000's, and you could not tell you were in Germany rather than in any suburb in America. Shopping malls did not exist there in 1970.
>BTW, the US Military was pretty thorough in making sure US personnel and military families behaved like guests in Germany, as they were invited guests. Ever since the Berlin Airlift, the US was friends with Germany.
All the more sad that the chief component of Japanese animosity towards Japan-stationed US forces are sexual crimes, particularly in Okinawa where the Marines especially don't seem to know how to keep their dicks in their pants. There have been at least two incidents just this year if I recall, and that's just of the ones we know.
I really can't blame the locals wanting Americans to get the fuck out, security be damned.
That is indeed sad. Such crimes against the locals should be severely punished.
I found out many years later that if I had committed a crime like shoplifting in Germany, my father would have been cashiered. The military took their guest status very seriously. An officer who could not control his family was not fit to be an officer.
Not saying that is good, but you really have to analyze something like that in terms of rates, not anecdotes. Everywhere you put people there are going to be incidents.
I don't blame locals for feeling however they feel. It's their country.
Not at all surprised that despite your years of railing against socialism your dad was in the military. A true free market would provide for its own defense, not steal from taxpayers.
The US places its military worldwide out of its own interest, not to protect anyone. That's a very rose colored glasses interpretation of the past and the present you have there.
It's the opinion of my father who was in the early occupation, and later was doing military planning work with generals and such - all focused on repelling possible Soviet invasion scenarios.
Protecting Germany's sovereignty also protected America's interests. They were aligned.
Germany (like France could and did) could have expelled the US military any time they wanted to.
> Germany (like France could and did) could have expelled the US military any time they wanted to.
No, not legally. (And also not in reality)
1955 were the treaties, conventions, protocols and schedules of the Bonn-Paris Conventions, the Pariser Verträge in German. The treaty terminating the occupation of (West) Germany was the revised “Convention on Relations between the Three Powers and the Federal Republic of Germany”, in German often short „Deutschlandvertrag“. The three powers in article 2 of that convention explicitly reserved the rights for Berlin and Germany as a whole and relevant for this the right to station armed forces in Germany (article 2, articles 4 and 5).
The 1955 conventions were a package deal. Part of it was the “Convention on the Presence of Foreign Forces in the Federal Republic of Germany”, which further assured the Three Allied Powers right to station forces in Germany, although limited to what was already there.
Both conventions were only to be terminated by all signatory states or by a future German reunification agreement and peace treaty. That was in effect the “Treaty on the Final Settlement with respect to Germany“ of 1990, the 2+4-treaty, in which the allied powers, including the Soviet Union, terminated their rights. Hence final settlement.
Germany after the war was an occupied country, split up into various zones by their opponents in the war. There is no fundamental difference in the way the US or the SU setup their bases there. Sovereignty implies they had a say in whether or not the US army is stationed there, which I think is a ridiculous claim. Thus, as there was no sovereignty, there was no sovereignty to protect.
That in 1955 Germany had a realistic way of saying, we're a sovereign country and don't want US troops on our soil?
But that in the end has nothing to do with my original response, which was "the US sets up its bases out of its own self interest". Even if those interests align, it doesn't mean it's there to honor German wishes. If those interests had not aligned, the US would've still stayed there, this is as clear as the header of this page being orange.
After 1955, the Germans could have asked the US to leave. The Germans weren't stupid, though. They had very good reason to want the US military there. I've already covered it in this thread.
Recall I've lived through that, and my father was pretty involved in it in the military bases there. I've had German friends, and been in their homes, and interacted with them.
My comment was not about Germany, but about the US. It was "they do it out of their own interest". If you think Germany had the possibility in 1955 to claim sovereignty and ask the US troops to leave, I will respectfully disagree. The troops would stay because they were there out of their own self interest, whatever Germany wanted is immaterial.
You haven't presented any evidence whatsoever for your conclusion. I've presented first hand, second hand, and documentary evidence for my case.
P.S. My dad also spent time stationed in France. He said the French made it very clear they wanted the USAF out. He said it was quite a contrast with Germany.
I was there, and my father told me is not evidence, it's an anegdote. I live in Germany now and when people back home ask me what it's like I say I don't know because I only live in a small part of it. You have very simplistic views of complex situations which those involving tens of millions of people surely are.
I can only repeat, I wrote "The US places its military worldwide out of its own interest, not to protect anyone". Whatever Germany wanted there does not make any difference.
Also again, the best I can do is respectfully disagree about the idea Germany asking the US to leave, and the US respecting its sovereignty. That West Germany was sovereign since 1955 is only part of the story, East Germany became sovereign in 1954, but it would be difficult to argue it meant anything of value (because it didn't).
When I lived near Luke AFB in the early 70's, Luke was training Luftwaffe pilots to fly F-104 Starfighters. I used to ride my bike onto the base and go to the flight line, and watch those lawn darts take off. They'd get halfway down the runway and light the afterburners! Freakin' awesome. Oh I wanted to be a pilot soo bad.
An F-104 was little more than a pilot strapped to a monster of a jet engine.
Meanwhile in the real world, when Washington DC talked Bonn listened. Still applies today to some level.
Edit: Public opinion can also be shaped, not least after the trauma of the Nazi period and in the midst of the Cold War. Actual influence behind the scene is usually not made known to public, and the influence of the US over Germany has been overwhelming.
I lived in Germany from 68-71. The Germans wanted us there, because they were afraid of a Soviet invasion. Wanting the US military there is quite different from the US forcing themselves on them.
Not once living there did I ever get the impression that the Germans felt the US presence was forced on them. They appreciated that the US was there to keep the Red Army at bay.
Of course, sometimes they'd complain about the Americans having bad manners, usually justifiably, and sometimes they'd envy the wealth of the Americans. I even attended a German elementary school for a while, and nobody bullied me because I was an American. I was even invited by other students to their homes to play.
The US bases were of mutual benefit to the Germans and the Americans.
Perhaps there was an aggressive imperialistic authoritarian empire next door that had split germany in two and run their half into the ground economically? No, it must be that America is bad and this country had no agency as you said
This is childish. I never made value judgements and just pointed out that the reality is not what's sold to the public in official stories (and that holds true everywhere).
The bases were there to protect Germany against the Soviets.
I remember once on the autobahn around 1970, and a fighter came by hedgehopping at high speed. He was a few feet off the ground, and looked like just under Mach 1. The citizens didn't particularly like the noise and disruption, but they understood the need for the Air Force to train hard.
I also remember touring East Berlin (yes, East Berlin) in 1969. Going through Checkpoint Charlie and seeing the Wall is plenty convincing of the need for the US military being there.
France, on the other hand, didn't much care for the US military bases and wound up pushing them out.
BTW, the US Military was pretty thorough in making sure US personnel and military families behaved like guests in Germany, as they were invited guests. Ever since the Berlin Airlift, the US was friends with Germany.
The Americanization of Germany came later. I recall visiting a shopping mall in Germany in the 2000's, and you could not tell you were in Germany rather than in any suburb in America. Shopping malls did not exist there in 1970.