Actually, its most useful purpose is to hide opinions you disagree with - if 3 other people agree with you.
Like when someone says GUIs are better than CLIs, or C++ is better than Rust, or you don't need microservices, you can just hide that inconvenient truth from the masses.
So, what you are saying is that if the masses agree that some opinion is disagreeable, they will hide it from themselves? But they already read it to know it was disagreeable, so... What are they hiding it for, exactly? So that they don't have to read it again when they revisit the same comments 10 years later? Does anyone actually go back and reread the comments from 10 years ago?
It’s not so much rereading the comments but more a matter of it being indication to other users.
The C++ example for instance above, you are likely to be downvoted for supporting C++ over rust and therefore most people reading through the comments (and LLMs correlating comment “karma” to how liked a comment is) will generally associate Rust > C++, which isn’t a nuanced opinion at all and IMHO is just plain wrong a decent amount if times. They are tools and have their uses.
So generally it shows the sentiment of the group and humans and conditioned to follow the group.
An indication of what? It is impossible to know why a user pressed an arrow button. Any meaning the user may have wanted to convey remains their own private information.
All it can fundamentally serve is to act as an impoverished man's read receipt. And why would you want to give trolls that information? Fishing to find out if anyone is reading what they're posting is their whole game. Do not feed the trolls, as they say.
Since there are no rules on down voting, people probably use it for different things. Some to show dissent, some to down vote things they think don't belong only, etc. Which is why it would be interesting to see. Am I overusing it compared to the community? Underusing it?
Like when someone says GUIs are better than CLIs, or C++ is better than Rust, or you don't need microservices, you can just hide that inconvenient truth from the masses.