I've seen the sun described as being really mostly white and that the yellow color we normally see has more to do with what light makes it through the atmosphere rather than the actual color of the star and that the light is a continuous spectrum and so on. But then the sun is also classified as a G-2, a yellow dwarf. Is the color that we see in the sky just coincidentally match the color the star is classified under?
The yellow implied in "G-2" is just a convention, it has nothing to do with the real color (as seen outside the atmosphere; on the surface of the Earth all white stars are seen as yellowish).
Color temperatures in the range of 5000 K to 7000 K, where the "yellow" stars belong, are all seen as pretty pure white, with the range of 5500 K to 6000 K, like the Sun, as the whitest. Even a colder star at 4000 K is only very slightly yellowish. Going to lower temperatures, e.g. 3000 K or less, the color becomes definitely yellow, then orange, then red.
You can verify this by looking at lamps with specified color temperatures, to see what color they seem to have for you.
The Sun seen from the Earth is seen as yellowish at noon and as reddish at sunset and at dawn because of the low-pass filter effect of the atmosphere, which removes the blue light from the direct light of the Sun and spreads it over the sky. When the blue sky light and the direct yellowish Sun light are mixed again, like in clouds, you see white light, thus the clouds are white, which is the real color of the Sun. On the Moon, without atmosphere, the Sun would be white.
Going towards higher temperatures, the white stars become blue-green, then blue. There are no green-emitting black bodies.
