I really enjoyed the book Mathematica by David Bessis, who writes about his creative process as a mathematician. He makes a case that formal math is usually the last step to refine/optimize an idea, not the starting point as is often assumed. His point is to push against the cultural idea that math == symbols. Sounds similar to some of what you're describing.
I really didn't like that book. Its basic premise was that we should separate the idea of mathematics from the formalities of mathematics, we should aim to imagine mathematical problems visually. The later chapters then consist of an elephant drawing that isn't true to scale and tell me why David Bessis thought it would be best to create an AI startup, that just put the final nail in the coffin for me. There's some historical note here and there, but that's it - it really could've been a blog post.
Every single YouTube video from tom7[0] or 3blue1brown[1] do way more on transmitting the fascinations of mathematics.
