As someone who is colorblind, a lot of my design is based on the logic behind colors rather than looks. Of course, I always let an actual designer approve, tinker with, or redo my work. There are a lot of inaccuracies in this piece but I like the gist of it.
I'm color-sighted but my son is color blind. I find that the easiest way to remember what colors differentiate well is to remember the orange/blue colors that Valve chose for Portal specifically because they have the greatest visual distinction for the greatest number of people.
It's also an easy shorthand, because many developers/designers know the game, so you can just say "you know, Portal colors"
