That is a very simplistic world view. Have you ever been to Europe? Central and northern Europe are very successful economically. I know several people that once worked for an american firm, and won't ever do so again. I have never heard that about swiss, swedish or german firms.
It's very individual, and not unique to the USA at all. I have worked in the USA for over 20 years and am thankful that I have never had what I would consider an uncivil boss or supervisor. Demanding at times, yes, playing politics to advance themselves, yes ... but never just overtly rude or mean.
Europe does not avoid this phenomenon. Human nature is human nature. There are bullies and assholes everywhere.
You might want to check out these GDP stats: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy#Current_world_ec...
The US and Europe are pretty close. The PIGS states have issues, but eastern Europe still has huge growth rates.