1st amendment covers us citizens and people in USA. Before a noncitizen enters, there is no 1st amendment protection. Whether this is right or wrong is irrelevant to this fact.
No. It's an inalienable right inherent to all humans regardless of citizenship.
That said, the right to free speech does not mean you are free from consequences from that speech. If you're hoping to gain access to a country, it would be wise to refrain from criticizing that country. Yes, views can change and maybe you talked negatively before realizing you wanted to visit the offended country. Not sure what to say to that.
> It's an inalienable right inherent to all humans regardless of citizenship
No, it's not. The First Amendment is a legal provision restricting what the U.S. government can do. Free speech, as a principle, is a broader construct. Some people believe it's a natural right [1].
I assume that’s why OP said “the spirit of”. The spirit of the first amendment is free speech. Once you start litigating exactly who gets to speak freely and in what scenarios in an attempt to limit it as much as possible then I’d agree it’s very much not in the spirit of the amendment.